7777 I'@ CZ@ 11 14 8 01. 44@ Cost Accoij.xit Object Obligation.,3 01-iligationg Unliquiclated Date 5 Rel-i-iarks and References Incurred Liquillated Ilalancc ir IOWA CERTiFy li@AT F'!N@)S AV4AILABI E, 2 CHA.RC-,E AL,'; .il0CER GI-ON TqS/FASB ilia' February 13, 1 963 casurer Dear. I hqkg f lanting of the grant inade to i-tie by _.yql!r r.rigLig@st--or an,-,tcco Fin2win 1959. You did not iticlictte what sort of an -.ccou-,iting you desired. whether financia. or other, As I recall I submitted a budget with the request for th e grant,.:and can say the money was experided a,-4-budgeted. One hundred dollira was ext)eixdecl- for books ar.,l the rernaiiider2 of $2, 400 was expel-ided for salary to i-sic duri-;ig 'the three suri-in-Ler::-months"Aipporting n-iy studies in comi-iiuriication theory.-- The grarlt fro support d the studies w led to @ seric@s-of rea6hted for var2ious ra in the conterit of r-ay graduate course& at -tiid P rti ry. -Iso to Tny continuing work in-coriii-nu catiori the-o I hope that this iri-formit-.on will fulfill your nee-4s, -,trd if not tl-,I@it you will let ri-ic know wtiat Rddition@al infori-n.atioix you desire. Yours-siticerely, tN,,tt- sorvi-ees or have-b6on 'eati'sfao-Lorlly recelv(2,rl -inl ille ('X'@ICA(liture3 'Iiieurred on OffIC],@it, ere Receipt is hereby @c@-r'013,edg,'-d of the following: lie@ s Ch he oulot)nt c,f $5,750.00, dAa,,Hl payable to the I t4 ID tA 5. 'r 'tylnf,- to 2 ry., vg Ie o Pt 2 (A@,l Tilg I-xi 't953 8 i' 13 of t"!It s ity III 'tl, ""o .1k@'tc@rt (6e, S @"6r CA 9 P5-, "IF @-DRPA,'T 3 Dec('mbr--r 1959 FOR-. ',M R@-,r,0133) SUB,3rEGT I.IKULTPA, S-Libprojee't..102 1.2 It is requestei tliat Sixbl)roject 3,00@ be *.,.iproved to ,,ra(a of Dr support the research pro,,, in his study of beh-a-vior of me,,abers of zia-L-Liral,@',Ly fortaed groups as a fuyictioq of group rfapmbership in accoi:-('Lgn.ce with the P-ttp-ched propos-,,].. 2. This projp-ct idl'L be funded tlirouc,,h for @ecurit@ atit-I ec)ver -,r)lLirposes and the vccolir2i.ti.ngs for fLuiii.@. exuet).dr--,i in it shall confolu to tile established x)rocediires o--' t-nat organi*-ation. -Any permanent equ-iiiiieiit recluired for tlie pLrojec4l-l wil.1 bz-comti the pro-Dex-ty of t3,-je Un2ive@rsity in- lieu of IAI.vher overileea cliarges. 3- iqie to,@,al cost of this pi:-oject for a perioi of cpn@a Y(@-,,ir is esti-m@l-trA to be $5,750-00 as indi,@ated in the q,ttached budt_l-et. Charges should 6'be ciede ,Agairis-t AllotT,,@nt 0525-1009-t@902- 2 IL. 14o cl(,-e@red or witting persons are conceriiell vitli tl'ie coliciiiet of this project. Approved for UF)IigatiC," O@f Date@' Att6ached,. Proposal Original 01.1,ly c-, tA r it@, .7"r I i@t to tl:-@- it van io IA @'it irol tit f-sz i to 1'3 o, r of 2 of bL@&- t ,-rt I hat th,, oil 2 oil nvi@ir3 of r C- nil tl 1,-, i'@ 4',.i 2 t t,- 3, t C@. t@') n Lire, 2 of t,-x- th ti 2 cf 1, I,i tn 2 t ir t,- tj, to 9 t@.1131 Iy l@l for its it P@ t fl od q4 f 116 ;2 - October 2, 1959 MFMORAND"JIA TO. SUBJECT: Project Propo@sol D Enclos--d is the i:,oposal frorilim-t-hat I described cii the telephoiie 2 ou. Do you feel tl-,ot it St-.o -10 00fd as a Category B to y uld be rom.,i"srnitted to the P, or a Category C pioposal? Apo -obr Oct 2-6. 1959 C- Proposal SubJeet: Joe 2 t vaitine yoi)r reply toA@"@ s i-.,U C, .13 pi-@OPOS on etter frctq r@arig 10 a C that ir!,ay hel-p YOU in co woo -A @u October 19, 1959 Deer 1.#& i3 iu@ n I ye r, and we are looking told you, the, rk last 6U.0port--tt',fo@uol- tb-e curr e se our 2 is I.IAited to research proSA.,-c@ts in Crie we ere unable 11 4 tioras of hiG pro@ect vhl.c @ilci@ ag!rdgmdtalf" 2 Now In rtr xitopmw ii project is hig-kl-y gip ,f c)p,-tnlon, I)- _-rjif ica!it becalis@-- of its concen- tration v.,-@ori grv,-.p behavior In a2 natural setting vitq a vely ir-irilziium of la-iter- ference or artificiality. It itay not be @,pparent fr(:L-ii your correspond=L"@@4-." C- - .16"NFAiL@ that lits vife will te-a ven- a2ctiva -per-ticiptt.@nt 81.0o. 0. .wmm .1%0 t-.10 0 coyin'titutq a @v-m of- fiel -J-iavest-l-ga-tors. ml U.1199!@all good iworesalon upon cor,@,rA-oni-t;y vork-ire in v",.ere be vor'"-ca isot y--,.lr. ti:)ro othe-.r to 0I)td,-n tlte con- 2 z@ority grou(ps in getting t@hoir full auv@)ort of vees relatively rai@(ire but hi.,tuy r,,otivate4 obr-N,?x-vers vl-.o are p-',vc-.@n tralni.i,,g foi, thin pu2rk.,)3e. A@- a reavl-@. k-XJ.o data or* q@uj.te fr(@sl,x of i-,Iiinzo tint 0-re often biddzn fr(ho tlio in.,Itvidti,-Al in or )-idzr clom6ultttnts hove ar1i.- quectiona concernin,% thle proj.,,@Ct or in ctkn@or-ting It, pl.eecc do not licsitat-e to e&ll upon CordAal.ly C-1 1,6 Operationsl liepoi,,t, tc) I-,!! Dr,,-cri'tio@ii of Rec;eireii 1-iork on Natural GrOUI)s (1958-59) p This renort describes on natural 2 grou-,os in differentiated soc-i-O.-c-oltural selutinus in se,@gral cities d-uririg 4-.@ie Per-.od o'L October,' lc;58 AiYg-A@,@st==3.53-@==15r5g wh@lle the iter --c A The !wr@L'U,--r is erate@@@U'L for in. pleii,.entizig this researel-i and t-o Dr.@ r hi,s iirderstandino. interest in the project, offici,ent support-and for @'@l,eqiient stiniulatirg discussions iiiiile tl-e i-corlc in -progress. - It.@@o a pleasure to ackno@,,@ledge the syitil)athetic irit,,-iest ari(i encoura(ye.-nent received froin Dr. The problem Of Study Was the bcliavi,or of of in-fori-nally organiz2ed groups as a f-"!etion of (a) groui) meiiibership and (b) di-irfey-en- tia-L--d soc-Lal@ stimulus situations constituting tl-ieir particular settings. In order to i.n-'@errelate the behavior of individi)a.Is to-tlie socio-cultura,l 6ott3.ng and signific--iit ite,.ns of the settinfr, to the behavior of iiidivi- duals, three kirlds of data iqere collected: (1) Data related to specified settings (e.g.-living condit:Loris, family size and iiicoine, education, 1riobiiity). (2) Data to glroup structure (organization) and to groiij) prodii.@ts (e.g. ,,@harc-, d piactices, v,@lues or norns, reactions to. 102 -2- do-viati.on), based on the actual behaviors of i,ii(liv-i,d'Lial. in the course of Llteir j.,ritr--r@iction. 2 (3) Data.relateO to the sel.f-attitudes, aspirations and goals of the age-mates of group Pieii'bors living in areas repreqeriting the varie and diffe rent settings. The 1-at-I.-er aslo,-ct of tie stadle -rtas sti,ategic in I.irLking ecological data mentioneo -o-nd@-r (1) ailki -group behav-,-or irenti.on.@-d une,--r (21, In Uiie pariod of tPe project desci,ibed her@i, i-je w.!@,ro able to collect data deall.ng i-!i.ti al.1 the Vn,@-ee a,5.9t@cts of stla&@- !.,14vsmw %4hich c@Lt,,)r v!as our main concentration d-aring the period. S-abstan-tial pio-r@,@ss li@-s -been !!i;ad@-- --n the anal si s of b.---hav-1-or data obtiint;-d fi@oin y iyltei,acti-on processes of groups, :Lyi backgro-Lm(i inat,,-rial, J-il tabulation and a-ialys-is Qf sooi-noult-Li.ral the rc-.si)6yLtst-.s to the Goals Schedules (see 3 above).--The re,-,ilts and a disc-cssion of the plications of-thiq stvtdy for ptilling togeth,3r experi.pierital wid field approaches in'the sttidy of gi,oli-ps will be incbrp6rated in fuller technical reports. The present report includes a-stateTi,)iit of th u2nder- ly-ing rationale and principal liypo.'.heses which deteipilbed the choice of ei-ti-es, areas i,.ri-thin them, and. groups and P. d,:;scription of what wps done .9 in regard to three ,tspeets of t'pe study mentio2ned. Statement of the Ptationale The project repro-sc-.nts a st,@pe--of-developmET-it-in oui- efforts towtil,il intaf,rating the ipproacytes of the field sted, and lpboratoiy techniqlies in tiie of sriall groups. OLir 2b@isic irietlio(Yological sti-at(-agy folloi-iod in tho prosont research as cin be sxii,!Miir-Lzed briefly: (a) start with cyi-I)irical fi,ndi,ngg froii studies of -ctual Eroups tind the-Lr socio-c..ultui,,il s,,@ttinfts, (b)8 foriiiulite 1-iypothc-scs for o'xpc@ri.iiiontkl units 102 -3- on this basis, (c) atte;,ipl to apply ir@,dice8 devoloped in experirric@nt@-ition to actual intc@.rnetion situitions. The str@,Ltogy req,,).iros reliance on fir±dings P,.-id -fL-clmiqi)Lc@s of sociology -,nd cLLIturU anthropology as well as expei-i-mental psychology.-The-int-er-di-8cip!iAai@y-nat-.jro of this strategy sterrs fi-on cone@--rn over forraulation of @rilid problepl2s Illd checking t.i;@i validitir of r.@!-@-earch findings. - The v.Alidity isstio is raised ii,eqtently in social-ps@,chol6gi.cal research by discrepancies gcqer--ili7,ations bascd 6n elf!r)irical field inve6tigiti6hs and 2 repoi@ted findings fro.-a the la'oorat6ry.-- For-exa@lqplo.,-s,,ich diser,;p@!tiicies have occured rc;,lative to oij,ch ce-ntrt.1 Lis the c-@@'fects of group situations on i-ri4iv-idu,-nl bfhavior.' social att-Ltud,,s, -confoi@Ln:ity--dr,,-Aatio.-i, and -tllo or-gericrtl-ity of -leadarship.- In earl-ie-- effoi,ts the LYri-ter had undert,-,ker, the laboratory voi,ifi- eation of essential properties of BroAxi3s ,iliieh -i@iere - repeate'i'LY report@-d in opipirical soci.el science liteiat-lire, including- 66ci,@'I'l norili,3 -,Ild status reln-tions. Frorq ofAhe-foiT@iation of -sitial--l gro2ups @4-n controlled conditions involving pro",@lem3 were Carried out. It i.,,as fo-usi(I possible - to - replicate el osr3ly the forrration and fxinctioni-n- of sBia-11 groups and relations between thevi. The prosen-L project extends the basic st2ritogv to the atterrpt to utilizr-- -,nd tc-st conceptual tools dev&loped i@-i earlier in the study of nattir;:,.l groups forned and fiine'tioning irith-.t.n the actualities of specified scei.o-culttiril f%ecological) settines. It follows that ecological s,-tti.t.,gs varying in specified irays bz@ chosen .ind that groups be selectod within those settings. Natur@ll groups fori-ned in socio-cvltiiral setti,nls undergoing differ- 7 ing (Icgrcus of tr,@,isi.ti.on ,ire inovt sitit,,tl)lo for t-kiit, puxf)osc. This 02 consideration deteriidrierl thc,,4.- cities be chosen 1-:1,iich Ire in tlie process of sal,idnt ancl accelerated traiisition and that areas withill tllf)m Ile 2 re theffiselves in varying st,5ges 0 selected vtl,,ose populations a f accul,- -@-n life (e.g tdration to dovii-riart fc!.Ittlrus of h-meric, 2 ripidly growing city). The -,;a.-ae s-agL,..este(I that b-roups -be wit)iin the areas irteitil)e,@ ships were vyithin thc--age-levc.-I of @pdoleseencels silice !'I, i2s -,,jell-ezt,@ibliuhed that Vqe effects of socio-@cijltliral transi- tioin- z7-re reflc-ctc,-i mrre aciito--I.y durj-ng this developv-.e-ital period,, I%lh-Llo tie pres,--nt pi@oject is m,3inly concerned --Atli tlieoretic--l and Painelj integrating ec@riceptpj@-.1 tools and it-is-asstiyti(;@-d iliit substantiil iaetl-iods of field cqid laboratory 2adi.-a-,ices in these respects ai-c bound to have 4,viuli.cations for mloro realistic and effective h,%ndltig of (a) problems of i-qtergroup relations in actual settings and for (b) dovis;-ng measures for ch@3Tinoling socially ,L,,ndes-2i,r,iblo of beh@-,.vior, excii,,Lilified iii di?linqaoyicy, into more const-i-active niodies, insofar as tliear-, behii-lors are a function of - ship in grolps a .5 1 ogi.c, 1,) ottir g. Pr@inei.pal and Ma,@sui@oment Units, One sot of prodictions was b:.isod on projioub cuipirical findings and l@o , d bE, r@iade without regard to v,,Ai@i@-Littons SL2tIltS nnd cotil in socio--cultural settj-n,.s. Thi@,se predictions irfil)ly dofinilto research operations, and tleir sL@I)port tlxroixe@h d@iti obttined from n@ituril groulls const,it-tit-o V-11lidation of prior fiiidizigs. A. lql-iqn two or more itidiviclixil.s li@xvt-n iTotivt--!s, int(--rests, aspirations or frustrit-i-ons experienced as coyauoii3 tli(;y i-iill tqnd, to viitc,,r into re- po,,ttc.,3d iiitj:@,ictions -vii.th orte inoi,l-tcr O'i whicli cin be moac--ur , in of -issociation over a time sp.". frC@qu(@ne-r of, 102 1 6' B. In tinie the relati(@nsliips artonel indivi.d)-Aals thus interacting are stabiliz,@.-I in diffel-@entiated status po2zitiona for -kibich coiwl-)?O.SO a Froup -,tructi)re or orr-,@-rAivation. TI-io- status difforu-ntiatioyl is the oDs.:?i-ved frequency of effective initi.ative disp-.ayed by iridivid'aal me,iribcrs of Vn@-- group. In the, I)rc--5ent Froject. indices of effective i.ni- tiat4,v-@a i.,,ere obtained both froia the rankings by i.iidepend,-@,nt observcii-a - and by sociom@-tric choices. C. Along with the foiinitioyi of giio2-Lio strt).ct-a:rc or group prgducts -,,dll cater-c. Amor@g tiii;;i-iio the U105t disti.notivo and regu- lc@.t2L-,re of is a sat of v3,lu(,,s or iici-rits rel--t.@)d to Activ-'-ties si-gnifi-r-an'Ll to tbe group and hence to ec@ijimon n@otiv,)tiofis of n@r-Piber3. The op-.rational indices of vc-dues or nom3 are (a) Lir !:@rs aril "b) correotivc-.s or @t-y -s@rve-d prac@a-_c s 'Oy grQ'Ap Mf-'I'Qb otiier i,eactions tD clevi,@tion from such copim.-.)vN prictic@-,:3, vi.z. sanctions. Singling: out of Diotixrati,onilly relev,4nt facilities, cilt-ort)-atives 2 and reg@LIarities avedl.pble in specifit;d ',cocio-cultural sett.Ln'-s is botincl to y-ield r@ore specific predictions as to the typicz-.l activities,, groiip noritis 4id I-)iahavior of individu-.,-l m@-,,iTibors. Socio-culturil indices, in tle form of social statistids for given urban areas (b.g. ineopic, ediioaticii, bovsing faci.litica) fertil.ity i,4ites, family stability,, verti- cal riob--Ility) ein le t,-tk-eii as indicttiv(N- of the st-tpi)lus situations f--ced daily by the inh,@l,)itan-ts of kn atid tlius of a friiftoiqoxl, for inotiv(,s ., aspirations,, frustrations ind cratifications of thosi indivi- diialz3. Such i,nferonec 5fi-out sociil statistics of an aroi is procli.0,atod on dQiTionsti@aL(,d "homogeniety" of the trea. Sp@@cific c'ziocks-on intra- area variability wort) ,tttciffpteci in -,nd irL- r(if!ai-d(-,d as @102 esseritial in future -v@Tork. VI-Ai-iatioris in iiliich the socio-ccilturc,,l (coclo-lical) setting ml-)St be consi-derf--d-includt; the relativq izri,,o2ortw)cc- of thar group to inei- viduc-1 reyeocra COI(II)ared vy4-th ,@sp.-cts of social life (e.g. wliothor or Tic.t it ov--t-i-idp-s fadily' school), customai7 actii,.Ltica ii@iliortmt2 in the grotip (,is trieasured by fricluk@ncy, tnd natvi-e of out for nor.,iati-,re concerns, and tho. goals of group interaction., as range and i.-,odes of ittaiivronLt are res-@.ri2eted, enh,ar,ced. or otkiexvise sh-%ped by tho ecelogical conditic,-ts. Pal-ti.cvlarly in tt@e sphere.of iioTTiii-k@live products of -Vric gro-aps, linkod as tyipy are to evaluations and aspirat:i-ons 2 aspqcts of particol.aL.- socio-c-Liltural se4.@ti-ngs were pro@lict(,,d. Thr@se Predictions and data rol,@ti-yig to titeirt will be included in the repdr@ of the study. In br-i-ef s-Lii!aiiary., then, it viis the aiin of th.:) study to valid-at-,, first, c-enc-r@kl properties as chiracteristii,, ;-@-ki.L'orirtrilly (,,rg.inized grobps regai-(Iloss of their sett-j,np,,,g., (2) - ariti. then tc,, reiate v,-riati.cr.s i-n their contcrt, in typical @ctivities go,-il,,5 of the grov@,p to distinctive fe-atillres of tl,io settinos in wbich the grc)-Lip fLii(-,- tions. 'Ariille most i.nvosticitors of sinall gi@o-Li@ns aru- a-gare thit b(@,,iavloi,,il data from group medttlers are relatjd to the setting in which the groups ftincticn, i@v has soldoia been foasibl--s to fo.@ioulato FI)Ccif-,Lc li@TO-Likeses cn,t7L@ling dirc@ct of r-,I,-ttic-n@.Iiips. A rtiajcr concerii in tlici of this r)6,,c)jcct will bo to diamonstrtte tiic@. fc,-tsibility of foimiul-ating 4li-ypotliosls p.,,i@t.,aj.ning dir"tly -t@,- ftiticti.cmil r@,lat-i.c.nsliips bqha@,ior in ei,o-ups and of the socio-ei)l.tural situation. 102 1 iG The Soq7j-el-@CO Of R(@seaxch O-oera'@-ions -ard the Collaborat,01'3 For the roasons the cl.tiL-,s of iqero selected. Colliborators on t-hp, s-2ni,)r 1,-vc-1 cooporated in ei(,Ii city. T'l-le senior collabora'uors are percons who know the areas of tie cities chosen who ii,-Lv-0 relttiv(',Iy easy access to them and i-Tito could of.L'ectivcly supervise and coordi.nato t'-ie wol@'xc of assistants on ajxinior levol. In grdat per 4-h4l-s c c,d out .I',,@Lbrra2t4on a sop.-,I sacrifice, devoting I-ong en4i extended afforts to tic pi@oject -and bring- ing to it broae, with thc- ch-arleteristics end problems of tl,ie e-roas studied. In- was tho2 sonior:coll,,tborator. The i,?r4-ter 1-cai-ned x p,-rent dc-,@.1 from PiL-ofeqsol, on the topics o' egologic,-tl @re, ial mobil,ity and instability ainorig po;pallatioix of Vtiit cily, -aid other-pl@@@riis x@el,-,.ted to incti--- v,atienal asF@@ct@ of Croup ,"orm,-iticn and functioriinf In liarch, 19.1,@)9, t-,I-xe wox@'K ilr(-,,@dy in progress in th(,, other cities was extended 2trA a irore limited sccpa, nii,,ic-i y to the study of a gmup in alow sooio-econortic nrea -there ,nd to collc@ctiori of siii)pl=i.,- - n,entary datd L'rom other groups. s tho senior ccll@'Ucr2ator. ,@ir4jo of fectivoly carried out the avii)crvisic:n of obs@)rv@i-ti,)ils on the grc)u,@) chc)sen -and supplied -.dd-'Ltional dita rt,,,ciiiest@;d by the writer.wlilc,,h strongthens the f9indings fr.@,ta % sim-ilz@r irc,-i i.n -t 0 2, i-ll cases., data collucto-@d by persciis vhc ItifIlre perceived by gr(-,l-lp me-@bers or rclsp@.-i-idents, as the case rlight be, as "one of us", T'qus the poss2ibility tli,-tt fictors exti-aneous to the inteivst of the s-@i,,dy i%,hich -,ire @unadst,*tibly aroused by the presence or i-nqiii.ries of a person v,,'Yio differs ir.-arkedly ir. @ppr-,arance, r,@iodo of inter,-tetion or "lingo" was g2i-e,-.tly reduced. Tlip- tin, e u-ikl effoi@t- rQqi.)ii,ed. for iiistrue- ti.ng and tra.inirig obs,@r7,,ers and assi-st--nts t@.1- in.,3urL- unifci-i-aity of procedures i-iortli,,jhi.le iiiv-estments, in view of the necessity of percoi-,@,?d corigruity.bc-,ti,@e4:@,ri obs,3rvc-l. -Lid Sut)jc-cti@-- 1. Solection o-' differc-.nti,,ited areas in and The ori.,-,i,nil pT,.in'ii,%s to select a n,-itiir--l E--,roup for i.ritunsin-o st,ijd@v from each of three,, diffc@ret-ilv-iated ere--s in ezieli city: (,@L) one araa rcdrcac-nting tht@ lower soc:Lc.-ecc-nomic stritm2. this soryple was also relatively less ace-Lilturat,c@d to culture'. one area ropresc@nting a i,-,iddle soci.o-econoiiiie stratvii-a. 'In Io w,,3.s also rel-,-tively piorq 2 Nmowwfl@t,- swr@p u-rated. (e) one are,, rey)r,es@!nting wi upper srcio-econci@tic st,@-,,Atujn. Iahu2k,.A- Ull-LO ,rea w2as zi'Lso %,flu of the three The exten@v to iihich the pla-,t will. be specifi,ed 13 thi.s report pi-,t-,gresses. TI-ie. sc.,].(-cticn of differentiatvd An-thin Viie ei-ties was ac- 0 cLml.)Ii,-,Iic@d ini.t3,,@lly witli the senior coll,-tbLi,atoi@s througli i,efoi@ence- to ceiistis ilr,.ict st,,ti@sti.cs Ind/Or other locally avail.oblo data, including I 0 2 the dii-cet obsoxvi-tions and acqiiaii-itaiicl@ With the by the colla- bor.itcrs. In the aroas tiius s@@lec,.t-vd in rat2il@ cidor from low to hirli.9 1.,*)re Shortly, sdccial p--'-Iemu of ccns!dQri.-i'ole theoroi-.ica-'t ttnd pricti.cal :,Tf oi,t,-Lrico xqere oncounter,@d in t2@.hb s t-,idy CfoiglggqpM (highest rank area). Briefly, these I)rc,,blcins arose from 'ulie Creiter accult,jration., th(,, L'Iui,Ait,@r of ethnic corpc)s@,-ti,)n, th,,, ruargin,-@l.i-Ly p2roblur-is and valuo conf'A.i,ets in t-he of -,Yl-iieh wr,,uld litvo re---- qA;ir.:!d tim, and effort 'oey(:r@d the scope of the D@-esc,.nt projoi,,t. Also., n-at-ur,@.l. gr(-liips in this viere less --Tri,-n,-,,ble to dirzdct been-ii.se of reIF-.tive inaccessibility of their iqectii@g places. Such prc,etic@-tl cc;ns-'@,d--riLions lod us tc post,-;oiia the study of iti,-,it irea and--------- 2 a grcli-,o vtitb-i-n it fcr, 'the prc,,sE,-nt. Since proposk@d census tinc@us i.,c,,ro drakn i cnly after the lc,,50 census, it vtes necessary to tr@,.@C d,-tta fro n (.a) By appz-(-pri.-@,tely ec;mb-@ni,,rv, blcck d,-ta @ivailnble iii the lc,150 Consvs of Housing f.,@r tlicso blocks in (-@.ich ,lrea, a tisk p,@,nerously undcrt,&,c@,n by tic st"kff )f tli (b2) By reforence to a prep-,rod locilly by civic corlmittee pririarily concerned iiith rocri@ati.onal facilities but -tlso iiicliiding relevant tract stititties. (c) D,,f cc,iloctine, stttistics oil tlic, irziets in qoes@uic@n from varir)us local goncios., part'ci-llirly t.tir,-LiE,,h tl-lr,, offoi-t!- of l@li,s. in(i l@Ir. *0 ;anki, in sopie caoos, by tabijl,ctiri(t city cli,Li by -Btu(-.Iy areast 102 (d) 13y @t block survey special-I.y-eec,,,igiic@d by us v;itti the collabora- porscnll *;:,jiorvisi-cn of tion of iir. @,2ind ccndv,ctcd i.,ndcr I" e.i,ory teptli 1-tous(3hrila- ill thrcutth: ttio strcqiiious efforts of.mrs.,q -iss@stcd in the t,-tl.)ulatibnso Tiir-@u-,:fi Vqeso ip2eziris, relatively adc-,cLi,-ttf,- soci,o-cul',LirtI, dit,-t obt@!-'Liir@eA i--n +,he t-,7@) stucli,c-d in and the-se ,iill.-te s ..naly--c@,l in taii,, of ccyttt)ir2c-,d +ulal,"on as indiqes of tritical aspects :,f the vooic-ey,@ltural setting. The indices are to be -ILI,icn.al d-t,-i en gr-,,vps wity,-n t,'@ic- -xoas relptoci, 'cova t(i t'@i@-2 -,rd the qi--l-@-st.-'Lonnairo re.--pcinses CZ'-"tJs SchodiLile) of ape- inatcis in -Ufie-se anl other areas a.-cvred ii-,t F,;r exanpl@o, diltla on ed-acatic@n-2,l level of intinbit=ts of Tract 41- are relat@ad t,,.@ the finciii-ig that @-ver hrtif ef -th(- grop st-Ld-iod there li@tve. left och,-,ol, and tP.@-it ilmoz;t c@rie-.fcu,rth of the Iiigh schcol s,,apiplc.; in that arc-,,-, icieptifi(@,d a "person Wno watits to leave schoc-111 zis sc@me@)ne "likc. r ox,,, 'e, occupational zxtd in cnp- l@vois in tho ii,ol ii, rq(,.It As c-i@-arly -m @Lnelicr to exi)ressecl ckspii,alioiis of high scho(,l St-Lid,-nts fcr triq' achi..eve,,,ntjnt as viell as t,i(@, reu-i@@,es (.)f their reference adales Oet'-Lniyig 2ccnifort an(:l povei@t,,r. Stich diff(-rotitiatc-d referonco scales are alsc reflecl-.ed in the, (,,tDs@n-rvLNd @nd ox- presscd -Lttit,,ides t@f nic)Diliers uf sitt:ill i@rou.-I)s in the tw(@ ar2eis tchy,,ird cbtainin@ and hcldir)er. jobs, -anti tc@,@yards in)(ithods of securing rfiituri.al rqware,s. A t(.pic,@l listirig cf ecei-exiltur,-kl data obtainc;d i-n indicates tho sccpc,, (-.f the ln@i5ly@,@,is: 102 1 6 13c,p@ulatic-ft data: nationality) ot-,hnic or 1,-LiiL@,uaGe &rou,, sex., deaths by gr(.)-Lip. 1-1.(;using d',-tt,-t: e.g. olttner.-ienter occupied, condition, single or multiple d@..ie.Ilin.-, persons per r(-,.ci-n, rezit,, vcii-oo., lr-.nd- scapi.ng, typo of irt cbj(-,cts 2or decoration. T fc@rti.lit-y rat,@s, number of-@ 41(ir@n, wonon in labor f @', rc a, head of f -apdly, birtlis by place and gm,@up. 2 Oce-Ltpati-cn )rid nitil)er c,,f family ei-,toloyed. li-icc-me by bc-,td @,f fairdly c.,.rid )ll Yiebil.ity-@ lengv@q of rc-@sideiip-o and desirr;d u,-)i,@n-rd 2riobi'Lity quilita4v-ivc, dita are a- and fr In add@ @iqil.,ible frc,@n @ir. cr. re- search tmdart,-d@eii by grz,,.eu.,-ite st;uderts at tho in .,-ro-. selected as represk@nting lower middle and -o.@r)per levols in the .90moL. areas. Dr4 i r pr@--,,pare, iipir@,ogripl@ed r,@p-rt fci- the pvicjct cn the population of i-,I@ia city triti the i,reis chc!s@-,n for study. D@@.ta in Dr. repc,rt j-rc'L-Li,,Ae, these c-%f t-lic. sl-v@,ttisties nbQve available f i@cia the 19:)0 census and local so-tircus as well c-.f traffic flow and popul@iticn inobi,l.ity. lils r,@@poit apprc,@I)rj-at-oly focussr-,s en indices 2 of mcbj.li-ty lr,.,l :I:rist.-ibi.li-ty wILich ar(, p,@@rtic-Lilirly salient to tli(,- Kiss", iii tliit r,,x:)idly v-r,,-..,vdng city, 11. Iiitozisi-z@- study of stft,-ill0 infoirox-L grolips -,.n each area .@ho euiding i-i-i the s,,-,lccticn in(J study of riyi iyif 102 E,rrr)up first.$ tf-N p,?rforiyi all rc-,seari@h operations without lind,il cl,.ittering the Gri-aci,ng procosses in the groupj insollar is 2 y bl-6; aiiet soci,n(l, to avoid as much as possible the pit-@'alls of observer bio,s. The fii-st consideraticn necossitated -t el,-Abcrat.0 anel re- pea+,ed statemcnt of instr-octions @m2d procuations fcr ebser-4-crs. The soc@)nd -eictatcd t'no use of a of tc-Ghniqu,.---3 to check and cross-cl-ieck Dos-ai-ver r@EV,@.rts. ln,Aiii'IM, i@@ obsc-rv3p2s I-Jere nLl,l s(cial it youiig assist,,-j-.te uri