Y.IZ 24 April 1952 Speci&L Research for Artichoke 1. On Wed @pril 1952, the writer had an extended con@. versation with smoba c2onsultant to this Agency arit it ranking officer of the TSS organization. expressed great interest in the Artichoke problem and closely related matters and stated to the writer that he personally would offer as- istance both in research ar,4 in money to ta along these lines that the writer might suggest 2 stated that he did not wish official c(m,u unications in hose m r since he stated they were too slow, but suggested, with the approval of that he be given a brief., informal memorandum covering projects which we 'felt were of material interest to the Artichoke project and which 2 could be done by research within. TSS cor b c n -arminc out" of to capable researchers or institutions. ted that he falt.that the Artichoke work was of extreme importance and no time should be lost in getting Artichoke P'esearch under way. Ile stated he would do everything in his power to expedite and carry out necessary research. 2. In view statements, on lhursd 24 April 1 li@e writer discussed the situation with nd suggested that the writer draw up a list of suggestions related to Artich k in th ar fu 2 all and a writer could 8 thes e suggestions and determine which of them were suitable for research or for development otherwise. 3. Set forth-on the following pages are a series of suggestions which are related to the Artichoke program 2and which ihe writer feels are worthy of exploration. Some of the suggestions are controversial and, in the opinion of the writer.. they could be presented to out- standing authorities in the fields to be considered and it could be ascertained from these authorities whether or not fu3-l-scale research would be warranted. 9 4. For matter of record and to explain such subjects 13 electro- shock and lobotomy appearing in the attached list these subjects were introduced into the conversation by AI)CII BELATIvr,. ARTICIIOKR. $UorESTED FIELD',-, FDR_ SPERIAL Rr--l- CH,F ding Drugs MIC LS (-Inclu that specific research should be it 2is be3.ioTed undertaken to d4ovelop now chemicals or drugs or to :im- prove known elment3 for use in the Artichoke work. A hat drugs are best study should-be nade to determine w mdted for direct USS on subjects along the lines Of 2anytal and pentothal and wliico drugs are best.for in- cts. This second ect orlong-rangs approach to subje d!Lr -ype of-drug should be one that could be administered t el, posibly beii-g over a considerable period of 2tim and would either have an agi- placed in food or water Ss,, tension tating effect (producing anxistyj,.nervousne alinp, of etc.) or a depressinf, effect (creating a fe despondency, hopeleasnesso lothargyp etc.). This study 2 la 'r drugs that can effectively should include chomica 0 be concealed in common items such as foods waters coca of drug cola, beer,, 3.iquort cigarettes., etc. This type should olso be cal)at-le of use in standard medical treat- 2 9&-nts such as vaccinations7 stiotst etc. While there are literally hundreds of chemicals or drugs that effect the mental. pro)cesses of an individual# xmny of these chemicals or drugs could be eliminated by individuals having special knowledge in the chemical/ drug field. It is known 2that the Amy Chemical Warfare Service has made exhaustive stlidies along these lines and perhaps they could furnish us with maqy specific answers. - t-1--in li.ke III,,,$" coii.d, undoubtedl-y. r ion .,,ivf-- pert2inenr. inlormeit, if they could be-properly appi-oachad. AF-.ROS,@',IZ, r:TC. It'is felt that an exhaustive study.should be made of various gases and aerosols that would be effective in Artichoke work. Also a study should be made of the of- 2 fecto of oxygen (or other simil-ir type) deficiencies. in this cormection, gas guns jets or sprays, b oth con- cealed or open, should be studied. In addition, the problem of possible permanent brain injury and amnesias following lack of oxygen or exposure to oth--r gns6i should be examined. (See related5 problems below.) 7 :I. 14IGti AIID LCW MES-2uRES Ihe effects of high and low pressures on individuals should be examined an a possible basis for Artichoke work. IV. SOUND 'Tbe writer lm boon unable to obtain any worth- while information on studies in this field th,-tt would apply specificall2y to the Artichoke problem. ltowever.. it is felt that a considerable amount of research could profitably be evpended in the field of sound. This re- search should include the effect on human beings of various type of vibratlons, monotonous sounds., concussion, ultra-high frequency,, ultra-sonic3, the effect of con- stantly ropeati-!d words,2, sounds, continuous suggpotion., non-rhythmic sounds,, whispering, etc. V. FACTERI.@ PLA?,'T CULTUItErp FUNGI, POIQONS OF VARIOUS TYPES, ETC. This field may conceivably t-e valua?(-le in that these media are capal,le of prodlciyie lllnesues w@,,ich in turn would produce hig2h feverat delirium, etc,6 It is also well ktown that species of the nishroon produce a certain type of intoxication and mental deranFPement. While this of subjects is closely rolated to I above (DRUGS), group it is conceivable that they could handled as a different type of rose.-web. /be VI. DjrT2, DIETAPY Drricir.7!clr,!,, This important subject has not been properly ex- plored fron. the point of vi--w of the Artichoke work. The removal of certain basic food elements such as sugar, starch,, calcluin,, vitarins, proteins,, etc. from the food of an individual over a certain period of time will prodt1,@a psychological and physical ".#ctions in an individual. A study'should be made to determine whether or not the removal of certain food elements from the diet of prisoners over a given period af time wil@ materially condition them for Artichoke work. lmghly ---------------- -s,n-iced-food and extremely salty foods are constantly reported in intelligence reports in connection with interrogation. rihile it is probable that this is solely to produce thirst,, research may sh.ow that It has other effects. 2 In t@ds connection it is conceivatly possible that if certain dietary deficiencies produce advan- tageous results from an Artichoke point of view.. "cial.1y'canned foods having elenents ro-moved could be m#mlf actured or prepared f or individuals held In custod2y. VII. ELr-CTRO'.;HOCK This subject,ha-9 been discusapd at considerable lenqth and still is.,considered a enntrova-raial matter. Whether or not its use as a positive weapon for gaining information from or control of an individual or whether it is another third-degree m2ethod does not seem clearly. established to the writer. The foreign intelligence pp@ reports seen to reflect that slectroahocki when used by the Soviets or their satellites,, is primarily a third- degree method. We have been unable to find any irxiica- tion3 that electr2oshock has been used to gain informa- tion from or control of an individual direct ly The writer has been unable to find anywhere that the electroshock coma has boon used as a means of ob- taining hypnotic control of an individual. Whether an individual wil]L revnil 2information &3 a result of elootroshock, or while in an olectroshock coma has not as yet been demonstrated to the writer 'the writer and to date,,-has.found no literature in this connection. The low-powered electro3liock foixnd on the ccxm on slectrashock machine is a third-degree method apparently. Whether alectroshook can produce controlled am- nesias.do--s not appear to te astablishe,,l except In the time ftrea -imediately surrounding the alectroshock treat- ment and, althotigh it is possibl6e thstt sevs--re or au3- tained electroshock may produce a veeetable, it is doubted if the kgency will support this activity. The writer can find no Information of electroshock treatments being applied to normal individuals for purely experimental purposes. This finld should be examined by the .49dical ';taff. Vill. rLcC,"LRO-'O'TF'F.P II-MUCING MNCIII'IES This field should be thorouehly explored. The Ldqa of obtilnltie a sleen or ale,,zplilke corma or -i n@-ir- cosis by electronics would appear to have a Kreat deal of merit from An Artichoke point of vie-4. The writer has been told that there afe electronic 3leep-inducing machines that are of the non shock, non-pa.inf'ul variety. One of th--se was reported t2o be in U39 at the University of RictL-mond Pichmnl,, 'iirginia. Datails., how- ev--r. are lacking. Whether or not the machine is dan- eerou-3 to unknown, b,.lt if an alsetronictlly indiicod sleep could be'obtiin--d and that2 3loeii used as a moans for enining hypnotiocontrol of an indiridual, this apparatus might be of extreme value to the Artichoke work. JX. lDriOTDt',IY, I:RAII.@l SURGENY The writ-ir is of the opinion that the Avency, under 2 no circumstmees, would consider this type of thing as an operative measure. Ilowever,, it is felt that the sub- joct@ could be examined by the Medical-Staff to ascertain whatev--r valti-3-it may htve and whether or not the Soviets could be using this technique as a w anon. 2 c a medical consultnnt of the Agency In tho field of psychi,-ttry,, might be valuable in this connection. certainly would.know who is re- -arded as an atithority in this field and who resides in Washington., D.C.) 2This field should be --xamined by the Medical f7)taff. X. LIGIIT,, El'T'r.CTor cju)rz, ETC. The effects of glaring littits upon an individual are well known and have been a staml;trd p,)Iice procedure for years. Py the same token, the use of 3 white walls in connection with glaring lights appears to be another standard technique. While these and related techniques should be studied, the writer is of the opinion t@at rose-arch should be conducted to determine the effect of long and continuous exposure of individuals to infra-red and ultra-violet light. Some work might possibly be done involving opaque walls or waus upon which shadow "vies could be projected. Also the of- fact-of-colora upon individuals might be worthy of re- 2 search an a conditioning mechanism. 11. PSTCHOLOGICAL PP.ORLEIC There are a great many psychological techniques that could be used In conn&8tion with the Artichokq work. Many of these tochniquns are vmll known and havvg P been used by clinical 2 9:,-choloeists., psychiatrists and interrogators for.:,it long time. It vnight be found that certain of these techniques., particularly, if ap- lied In reverse., would be highly advantageou.-; to atic- P c6ssful Artichoke operations. Among the psychological problems that might be consi&r2ed for study would bet A. Moving or vibrating room. B. Distorted nooms. C. The deliberate creation of an anviety condition. D. The creation of panic# fear, or e exploitation of established phobias,, etc. Es Th2e effect of heat and cold. F. The effect of dampnessp drynes-.q or saturated or dry air. G. The general problem'of disorientation. H. Completely soundproof areas* XII. ELECTRONICS G@"NERAL I%ere are mrny electronic devices of vrriou.,q types 8 that may be important from an Artichoke point of view. For example -- can the electro-encephalograph be used as a device for detecting certain types of treatment that individuals have been subjected to? Does an alectro- encephalograph reflect slootroshock treatments or head injury or drugging? Does an electro-encephalograph re- flect whether or not an individual is under hypnosis? Can an electro-encephalograph be used to affirmatively establish whether an amnesia has been produced? IM, HrPO-SPRAr rt would be a great advantaze if a small, effective 2hypo-spray device could be designed alone the lines of a fountain pen. This, of course, would necessarily have to include some effective chemicitl or drug that could be used in this connection ;tith the hypo'sprny. This would be a very valuable weapon. XIV. SCIIEINMT PISIOL Set out immediately 2 below is an excerpt from the S" publication entitled "LUCIAN CARY ON OUN . (Fawcett Book 110), article entitled "Gadget Guns Mean Murder"' page 122: "Guns shooting tear gas were made in this country t.,etween the two world wars and many 2 police departments bought them. One type was ttardly intenoed for police use since it was no big Fer than a fountain pen and was made to look like one. Daring World War 1I the Ger- mana made what they called "acheintot" pistols. The German word lit2erally means "appearance of death". The appearance-of-death pistol.9 used a ras that renders a marf uncon3c:lous as quaiLckKILy as holding_an ether cone over his nose." This device should be run down. The writer would like to know the effective range of this weapon, the 5 type of gas used and how long the coma condition lasts. The writer knows that Lucian Cary is a well-known authority on guns and has written extensively on such weaponso