In the middle of night, students at Utah's Kings Peak high school are wide awake taking mandatory exams. Their every movement is captured on their computer's webcam and scrutinized by Proctorio, a surveillance company that uses artificial intelligence. Proctorio software conducts "desk scans" in an effort to catch test-takers who turn to "unauthorized resources", "face detection" technology to ensure there isn't anybody else in the room to help and "gaze detection" to spot anybody "looking away from the screen for an extended period of time". Proctorio then provides visual and audio records to Kings Peak teachers with the algorithm calling particular attention to pupils whose behaviors during the test flagged them as possibly engaging in academic dishonesty. Such remote proctoring tools grew exponentially during the pandemic, particularly at US colleges and universities. K-12 schools' use of remote proctoring tools, however, has largely gone under the radar. K-12 schools nationwide " and online-only programs in particular " continue to use tools from digital proctoring companies on students ... as young as kindergarten-aged. Civil rights activists, who contend AI proctoring tools fail to work as intended, harbor biases and run afoul of students' constitutional protections, said the privacy and security concerns are particularly salient for young children and teens, who may not be fully aware of the monitoring or its implications. One 2021 study found that Proctorio failed to detect test-takers who had been instructed to cheat. Researchers concluded the software was "best compared to taking a placebo: it has some positive influence, not because it works but because people believe that it works, or that it might work."