On [March 4], The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease is posting online results from the first controlled trial of LSD in more than 40 years. The study, conducted in the office of a Swiss psychiatrist near Bern, tested the effects of the drug as a complement to talk therapy for 12 people nearing the end of life. Most of the subjects had terminal cancer, and several died within a year after the trial - but not before having a mental adventure that appeared to have eased the existential gloom of their last days. "Their anxiety went down and stayed down," said Dr. Peter Gasser, who conducted the therapy and followed up with his patients a year after the trial concluded. The new publication marks the latest in a series of baby steps by a loose coalition of researchers and fund-raisers who are working to bring hallucinogens back into the fold of mainstream psychiatry. Before research was effectively banned in 1966 in the United States, doctors tested LSD's effect for a variety of conditions, including end-of-life anxiety. But in the past few years, psychiatrists in the United States and abroad - working with state regulators as well as ethics boards - have tested Ecstasy-assisted therapy for post-traumatic stress; and other trials with hallucinogens are in the works. "The effort is both political and scientific," said Rick Doblin, executive director of the Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies, a foundation that has financed many of the studies. "We want to break these substances out of the mold of the counterculture and bring them back to the lab."