By contributing to the development of chronic disease and death, a group of hormone-disruptive plastic chemicals is costing the US health care system billions over $249 billion in 2018 alone, a new study found. The new research analyzed the impact of four groups of chemicals used in the production of plastic products: Flame retardants called polybrominated diphenyl ethers, or PBDE; phthalates, which are used to make plastic more durable; bisphenols such as BPA and BPS used to create hard plastics and resins; and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, also known as PFAS. However, these are just a fraction of the chemicals used to make plastics. A United Nations report published in May found more than 13,000 chemicals are used in plastics production. The four chemicals measured in the new study ... are thought to interfere with the body's mechanism for hormone production, known as the endocrine system, and cause damage to developmental, reproductive, immune and cognitive systems. "The biggest impact of endocrine-disrupting chemicals is on children's brain development because they disrupt thyroid hormones in pregnancy," [lead author Dr. Leonardo] Trasande said. The report recommended blood tests for people at high risk such as firefighters, workers in fluorochemical manufacturing plants, and those who live near commercial airports, military bases, landfills, incinerators, wastewater treatment plants and farms.