Does the layout of Washington reveal some hidden Masonic influence? Masons first appeared in Britain in the early 1400s as members of craft guilds. The Masons encouraged free thought and religious tolerance. They helped invent America: George Washington, Ben Franklin, nine signers of the Declaration of Independence and 13 signers of the Constitution were Masons. Both Presidents Roosevelt and 11 other presidents besides Washington were, too. Also J. Edgar Hoover, Will Rogers, Ty Cobb, John Wayne. [There are] roughly 1.5 million Masons in the United States today. But you only have to visit any number of anti-Masonic Web sites to find the darker claims of conspiracies to rule the world. A persistent rumor involves secret symbols in the map of the city. The White House, Washington Circle, Dupont Circle, Logan Circle and Mount Vernon Square: Draw lines on the avenues connecting the points (pretend Rhode Island doesn't stop at Connecticut) and you get a five-pointed star. It's also possible to divine a six-pointed star on the map east of the Capitol. 16th Street is Washington's Rose Line." The intersecting line from the Capitol across the Potomac River [takes you to] a place called Rosslyn, which ... is also the name of the sacred Templar chapel in Scotland. The Masonic headquarters ... is on Washington's Rose Line. In September 1793, Washington donned a ceremonial Masonic apron and helped lay the cornerstone of the Capitol. High on the Capitol Rotunda's domed ceiling is Brumidi's dramatic portrayal of the "Apotheosis of Washington" -- the Mason ascending to heaven. Of 100 or so statues in Statuary Hall and elsewhere in the building, [there are] at least 30 Masons.