Wilbur Smith: The New Science
Astounding Exploration into How Our World and Universe Work
Editorial Note: Wilbur Smith was a Canadian official deeply involved in new energy explorations in the 1950s. He is most known for his quote from a declassified memo, which states, "Flying saucers exist. The matter is the most highly classified subject in the US Government, rating higher even than the H-bomb." He wrote the below astounding description of alternate dimensions and deep forces of the universe. At the bottom of this webpage is a link to more of Smith's intriguing writings.
The New Science by Wilbert B. Smith (1910 - 1962)
Copyright 1964 by Murl Smith
Published by Fenn-Graphic
Publishing
Co., Ltd (Canada)
Assembled by W. B. Smith from data
obtained from beings more advanced than we are.
Section One: The New Science
Foreword
Introduction
Chapter
I
~ The Basic Concept
Chapter
II
~ The Quadrature Concept
Chapter
III
~ The Space Fabric
Chapter
IV
~ The Field Fabric
Chapter
V ~ The Control Fabric
Chapter
VI ~ The Percipitation Fabric
Chapter
VII ~ The Basic Particle
Chapter
VIII
~ Radiated Energy
Chapter
IX ~ Building Blocks of Matter
Chapter
X ~ Forces
Chapter
XI ~ Gravity
Definition
of Unusual Terms
Section Two: The
Q Concept
Section Three: Principles
&
Technology of Other Races
Part 1: Fundamentals
1.1
~ The Structure of Meaning
1.2 ~
The
Rectilinear Concept
1.3 ~
Relativity
of Measurement
1.4 ~ Basic
Reality
1.5 ~ The
Concept
of Spin
Part 2: The Structure of Spin
2.1
~
The Spin Mechanism
2.2 ~ The
Units
2.3 ~
Distribution
of Spin
2.4 ~ Spin
Velocity
2.5 ~ The
Tempic
Field
Part 3: The Spin Fields
3.1
~
The Significance of the Tempic Field
3.2 ~
Simultaneity
3.3 ~ The
Divergence
of Spin
3.4 ~ The
Curl
of Spin
3.5 ~ The
Gradient
of Spin
Part 4: Multiplicity of Spin
Centers
4.1
~
General Considerations
4.2 ~
Summation
of Scalar Spin
4.3 ~
Summation
of Gradient of Spin
Section One
The New
Science
Foreword
A first reading of this book
will
undoubtedly leave the reader with many questions in mind, and with few
answers immediately obtainable. As a work which purports to provide a
comprehensive
yet simplified understanding of the universe and of reality as we
observe
it, it will appear most novel in its development, intricate in its
ramifications,
and will challenge the most vivid imagination. Yet, the implications
are
far-reaching in their significance and the applications innumerable.
The
serious reader is advised to peruse it often, and most of, to THINK.
THE NEW SCIENCE attempts
to
provide a fundamental understanding of reality in general, and of our
known
universe in particular. It advances a unified concept governing our
awareness
of reality, explains the generation of this reality, and describes the
factors which mold it into the numerous forms in which we find it. To
some
extent it is not a "first" attempt. For centuries philosophers and
scientists
have, with varying degrees of success, framed hypotheses with the same
considered objective. It may be said that such attempts at a unified
understanding
of the universe is a natural result of man's inquisitiveness and his
searching
need of the ultimate order. THE NEW SCIENCE is unique, however, in
bringing
into play not only those factors which are usually considered as
physical
and material, but also the more subtle yet no less important influence
of the mental and spiritual.
The work was produced after
many
years of thought and investigation. Existing concepts were considered
in
all their scope and depth. It is the belief of many that numerous
"clues"
were obtained from civilizations much more advanced than ours. Some of
the more physical aspects were confirmed by actual experiment and the
less
tangible considerations tested against observable data and evaluated
for
consistency. At this point, a few words about the author would seem
appropriate.
Wibert Brockhouse Smith was
born
at Lethbridge, in the Province of Alberta, Canada on the 17th of
February,
1910. He exhibited early in life an eager interest in the nature of
things.
At the age of 15, he wrote a treatise dealing with the controversial
concept
of perpetual motion. He was also the author of several scientific
novels.
After having obtained his S. SC. And M. Sc. Degrees in Electrical
Engineering
from the University of Columbia in 1933 and 1934, he spent four years
on
the staff of radio station CJOR in Vancouver, BC, where he became chief
engineer. In 1939 he joined the Department of Transport of Canada,
where
he continued his work in the field of broadcasting and ...
[missing text]
Introduction
We find ourselves in this
Universe,
and we are aware of it. We strive to understand it, and to do so we use
all means at our disposal. We observe and speculate; we look and
sometimes
we find; we ask many questions and get many answers. If the questions
are
proper we get proper answers, but if they are not proper questions we
get
indefinite answers or no answers at all.
Sometimes we cannot distinguish
between
cause and effect or the phenomenon and the effect of the phenomenon.
Sometimes
we mistake the shadow for the substance and pass by the reality while
we
pursue the image.
Often we are so enamoured of
our
own brilliance that we cannot see the little glints of Truth that line
our way. Many shining nuggets of Truth lie buried at our feet and if we
are not too proud to dig we will find them.
There are certain fundamental
Truths
in this Universe and if we are prepared to accept them we can use them
as tools for its better Understanding.
No principal can be described
or
satisfactorily defined except in terms of concepts which are more
basic,
until one basic concept is reached which in itself cannot be defined at
all, but which will define all other concepts.
The Universe contains no
anomalies,
and the appearance of an anomaly is warning that our understanding is
inadequate.
Mathematics must be the servant
of
Understanding and not its master. Equations, by their very nature,
cannot
discover; they can only yield relationships derived from the initial
statements
and which were inherently in them when they were stated.
Truth is not hidden; it is
available
to all and is the same for all. Apparent differences must be due to
inadequate
understanding.
Chapter I
The
Basic Concept
Whatever might be the origin of
this
Universe, of one thing we can be reasonable sure, that it is within
"nothing
at all". If it "started", then it must have started from nothing at
all.
It always was, this it has nothing at all around it. Whatever there
might
be beyond this "nothing at all" we have no way of knowing for we are
within
it and of this Universe and have no concept beyond it.
This idea of nothing at all is
a
most difficult one to come to grips with, but it is an absolute
necessity
to an understanding of even the first ideas of cosmology. Nothing at
all
means exactly what it says: NOTHING AT ALL; no space, no time, no
substance,
no energy, no change. To approach it one must slough off all reality
and
proceed deliberately into the void of nothingness. It is something
extremely
personal which must be experienced by the individual as a basic
exercise;
it is something which cannot be "taught". Most people recoil from the
idea
of nothing at all, feeling that it is akin to annihilation, which it
is,
but we must know of "nothing at all" before we can understand the basic
concept upon which our Universe is built. Subsequent lessons are futile
without this basic understanding.
Having become aware of nothing
at
all, there is only awareness and nothing at all, and Awareness injects
into nothing at all a concept which will render it unique. Since no
concept
of any kind can be defined except in terms of that which is more basic,
this Concept cannot be defined, and we may use it only in defining
concepts
which are less basic. Since this Concept is the basis of our Universe,
its derivatives must be the basic parameters of it, and in itself it
must
remain the nameless Reality.
We do not know if this basic
Reality
exists independently from Awareness or whether one is the consequence
of
the other; or whether in the final analysis they are in fact one and
the
same. In any case we do know, or think that we know, that Reality does
exist and we are aware of it. But we do not know how far beyond us the
Awareness extends, and we must either postpone this determination
pending
a better understanding or accept the statements by other entities who
are
presumably more advanced than we are that Awareness is universal and
extends
throughout all Reality and has a particular relationship thereto which
will be discussed later.
Our physical senses are very
limited
and we can observe directly only certain aspects of our Universe, and
these
only within strictly limited ranges. However, as our understanding
increases
we are able to devise ways and means for extending our sense both in
range
and scope, which in turn leads to better understanding. But we must
always
remember in thus extending our senses to distinguish between the
language
of observation and its translation into the language of our senses,
lest
we miss the phenomenon while inspecting its effect. Also, since the
information
we get through extensions of our senses is essentially "second hand",
we
must be doubly sure that it is truly what we think it is, that it is in
fact "the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth."
There are two ways of
"learning",
memorizing and understanding. No matter how good memory is it can never
do more than regurgitate that which has been assimilated, without form
and undigested. A library is an excellent memory but its understanding
is nil. Understanding however allows one to KNOW and is not limited to
material which has already been assimilated. Further, understanding can
extrapolate while memory cannot even interpolate. Therefore, in dealing
with the Basic Concept of the Universe which is Nothing-At-All, mere
memory
is not good enough; understanding must be used, otherwise the whole
exercise
is meaningless and we cannot KNOW.
In striving to attain the
knowledge
of Nothing-At-All and the basic concept of Reality within it, words are
hopelessly inadequate because by their very nature words are merely
symbols
in which there is some degree of common understanding. As yet we have
no
words for that which is basic, and we must attain the understanding of
it and then carry this understanding into whatever language we find
convenient.
But however we may approach the subject, the understanding of it is
entirely
personal. As one of the people from "elsewhere" once stated, "I cannot
teach you; I can only help you to learn!"
Chapter II
The
Quadrature Concept
Having understood
Nothing-At-All
and the basic concept of Reality within it, we must next understand the
relationship of Awareness to these concepts. Whether or not Awareness
and
Reality are the one and same is probably the Creator's secret, but to
us
at least they seem to be separate and through the one we observe the
other.
Realizing that at this stage we
have
not yet even approached the basic or derived parameters of the
Universe,
we have no understood framework within which t explore the relationship
of Awareness to Reality. Also, since the only basic concept we have at
this stage is the nameless one injected into Nothing-At-All, it is only
this which we can use to define the higher concepts. Therefore, the
only
possible understanding of the relationship of Awareness to reality must
be determined from that which is inherent within the understanding of
both.
We could define the Quadrature
Concept
as the relationship of Awareness to Reality, and to some a definition
of
this nature may be adequate, but it would carry little or no
understanding,
and great difficulties would arise later when this concept is needed to
understand the derivation and relationships between the twelve
fundamental
parameters. Therefore, a little time and effort spent at this stage to
understand this relationship will pay large dividends later. Through
the
symbology of words and through analogy an attempt will be made to
bracket
this concept and bring it into approximate focus, and after that only
individual
and personal effort will bring it into precise focus and understanding
will be attained.
Our personal; experience with
awareness
is largely confined to the operation of our senses. If we see
something,
and can see all sides of it, we usually have a pretty good idea of what
it looks like. Also, if we can feel it all over we can conclude quite a
bit about its shape, temperature, texture, etc. We get more information
from any sounds which it may make, or any smells which it may exude.
Maybe
we may even want to taste it. If we can get at it sufficiently to use
most
or all of our senses on it we can form a pretty good idea of what it
is,
and if we met it again we would probably recognize it. What then is the
mechanism by which our awareness obtains this information?
If we find ourselves in a
certain
situation, such as being caught out in a storm, our senses respond to
certain
stimuli and we arrive at certain conclusions. Thereafter we have a
degree
of understanding of that particular situation, and would have no
trouble
recognizing or identifying it if we ever met it again.
Emotional responses, stemming
sometimes
from very restricted stimulation, can be distinguished and identified,
and to a certain degree passed along to others if they are coded
through
their own experience to receive such information. Under these
circumstances
we can say that such emotions are "understood", but just what is the
relationship
of Awareness to them?
When we get into the area of
abstracts
such as mathematics, physical relationships and the like, logic and
intuition
extend the range and scope of our senses, but there still exists that
mysterious
relationship between Awareness and Reality.
In the transcendental area
involving
extra sensory perception, estannation, and those other capabilities of
the mind which as yet are only vaguely appreciated, we also find a
definite
and determinable relationship between Awareness and Reality. In fact,
anything
about which we can think, if it in any way involves an aspect of the
universe,
must implicate and make use of this relationship. In the ultimate the
Quadrature
Concept is the link by which Awareness observes and Understands Reality.
Mathematics is a discipline in
which
many people have a fair understanding, and within which one facet of
the
Quadrature Concept manifest most elegantly. Geometry, complex algebra,
and vectors all make use of a special relationship in which one line is
at right angles to another. Various properties, some of which are
obvious
and some which are not so obvious, have been ascribed to this
quadrature
relationship between lines. In fact, whole mathematical philosophies
have
been developed around this relationship, and their practical
application
has given us electrical current, radio, aeronautics, and many others.
In
mathematics the Quadrature Concept manifests as two lines mutually at
right
angles, or to a line which has been subjected to an operation by the
square
root of minus one from its previous position. Successive operations
yield
relationships which are the cornerstones of various branches of
mathematics.
But the universal Quadrature Concept extends much beyond its mere
mathematical
application, interesting though this may be, and is in fact the Concept
which links Awareness with the Concept which is fundamental.
Chapter III
The
Space Fabric
Our Universe appears to us as
an
enormous, tremendously complicated system, with myriads of actions and
reactions, functions and functional derivatives, and it is hard to
realize
that it is all a manifestation of a single basic concept in
Nothing-At-All.
We suspect, correctly, that there must be many "layers" or "levels"
between
the basic concept and what we observe around us. It is up these levels
that we must work our way to an understanding of the universe, rather
than
downwards.
Anyone who is at all familiar
with
modern physics is, no doubt, appalled at its complexity, confused by
the
many correction and perturbation factors, and amazed at the many weird
theories propounded in all sincerity to explain observations in terms
of
"established principles". Anomalies are the rule rather than the
exception,
and the amount of data which just won't fit is colossal. All in all it
is fairly obvious that this view of the Universe is bogging down and we
are in reality conjuring up a mathematical monstrosity and raising it
to
Deity status. It is truly the modern Golden Calf.
It is much more difficult to
conceive
of a universe which is basically highly complex but possible of
breaking
down into simpler units than to conceive of a Universe in which
everything
is built up of different aspects and combinations of these aspects of a
single basic Reality. Therefore, why not tread again the path which was
trodden by the Creator when the universe was established, and start as
he did with Nothing-At-All and place therein the single basic Concept
of
Reality and study that which may be derived from it.
We were unable to establish the
point
of whether or not there is any interdependence between Reality and
Awareness,
and we may never be able to do so, but we must take it that they both
do
in fact exist, otherwise the whole exercise becomes meaningless and all
is illusion. Therefore, insofar as we are concerned, the Reality of the
Universe exists as we are aware of it.
The first degree of awareness
of
the basic concept is length. This is a bald statement and although many
other combinations of words could be sued the MEANING is identical.
Again,
the understanding of this parameter is a personal matter and the mere
reiteration
of a formula will never convey understanding. Hence another personal
visit
into Nothing-At-All and a first hand view of the basic concept is
called
for. The viewing should be by means of the Quadrature Concept and, if
correctly
carried out to the exclusion of all else, that which is viewed will be
the concept of length. This is the First Parameter, or as it might
fairly
be put at this point, the First Dimension. [Planck's Constant, *L]
Now, if the Quadrature Concept
is
again applied to the basic Concept of Reality, taking into account the
already established Parameter of Length, and Area will be established,
which is the Second Parameter. This Area is the true Second Dimension,
thus making Volume the true Third Dimension, and for similar reasons
another
Length at right angles to the other two could not qualify.
Hence, Awareness of the basic
concept
of Reality, through successive applications of the Quadrature Concept
has
established a fabric of three Parameters, Length, Area and Volume,
containing
One, Two, and Three conventional Dimensions. This is the Space Fabric,
and establishes a place for the Universe, which is at once simple and
possible
of understanding. There is no need for Warps, Foreshortenings, and all
the other attachments appended to Space by conventional science to
avoid
facing the Universe as the Creator faced it, from the viewpoint of
Nothing-At-All.
At this point it may be well to
say
something about Zero and Infinity. Originally these were mathematical
concepts
which gradually became established in our consciousness even though to
most people they never had any real meanings. Mathematically it is
possible
to evolve quite satisfactory definitions for Zero and infinity, and so
long as they are confined to mathematics we can get along with them
quite
well. But when we try to become aware of zero or infinity as a personal
experience, we find it most difficult. It is only through the
Quadrature
Concept that we can become aware of these two extremes at all, but if
we
do view them "in quadrature" we find them quite understandable; in
fact,
they become, they become as real as any other numbers.
We can say that Zero is the
smallest
number in which our Awareness has any interest, and that Infinity is
the
largest number in which our Awareness has any interest. If we have the
same degree of interest in Zero as we have in Infinity we will find
that
Unity is exactly half way between. This is quite apart from any scale
of
measurement and is a most important relationship. It is because nothing
in the universe is absolute except the basic concept of reality itself.
Even geometrical relationships are tempered by the means by which we
become
aware of them.
In establishing the Space
Fabric
we have understood only the concepts which result from the application
of the Quadrature Concept to the basic Concept of Reality. While we
immediately
recognize the results of these operations as the space within which we
dwell we must avoid implying other properties to it than can be derived
directly from the basic premises. In other words, we have only space,
with
nothing in it. Anything which we may subsequently define within Space
must
be derived by further applications of the Quadrature Concept if it is
to
have any meaning.
A further word may be said
about
scales of measurement. Within the space just described there are no
scales
of measurement, and any positioning of awareness must of necessity be
entirely
arbitrary with one position being quite as good as any other. Relative
positioning must of course remain relative regardless of how many
positions
may be established. A corollary of this is that Space is linear no
matte
where we investigate it, and this relationship must be accepted as
fundamental.
Chapter IV
The
Field Fabric
In establishing the Space
Fabric
the basic Concept of Reality was operated upon successively by the
Quadrature
Concept, giving the concepts of Length, Area and Volume. Further
operations
with the Quadrature Concept will yield more relationships which, when
established
may be recognized as parameters of the Universe in which Awareness
finds
itself.
Since the relationships
established
to constitute the Field Fabric do not impinge upon our awareness as
directly
as does Space except in their composite forms, some sort of language is
needed to facilitate Understanding. To those having a mathematical
background
this presents no particular problem since the relationships are merely
those of established Vector Algebra. To those not having such a
background,
understanding must be obtained through appreciation of the meanings of
the actual words used. In any case, if the basic principles already set
forth have been adequately understood, there should not be too great
difficulty.
A visualization of what is going on, extending upwards from
Nothing-At-All,
as the Quadrature Concept is applied successively to Reality and its
derivatives,
is really what is called for.
The application of the
Quadrature
Concept to the Third Parameter yields a further parameter which we
might
describe as Density or gradient, and is really an expression of how
Reality
is distributed in Space. Vectorially it is the scalar view by awareness
of the Volumetric parameter of Reality. It is the scale against which
any
change in Reality must be gauged. The Fourth Parameter is therefore
essentially
Change, the true Fourth Dimension. There are many interesting
implications
which will be studied later in more detail.
If the Quadrature Concept is
applied
again, another partially familiar vectorial quantity results, namely
Divergence,
or the stable condition in which Awareness finds Reality. This is the
Fifth
Parameter, which also presents some interesting implications which will
studied later.
The Sixth Parameter is
developed
by still another application of the Quadrature Concept to Reality,
which
gives the vectorial quantity Curl, or Deviation or Reality, which is
essentially
the dynamic aspect of Reality as perceived by Awareness.
At this point it is fairly
obvious
that our Universe is poly-dimensional in the truest sense of the word,
even though the dimensions are not quite what we fancied they ought to
be. They are more correctly parameters and are aspects of Reality
established
by Awareness through the mechanism of the Quadrature Concept. Again, we
cannot say whether or not Reality could exist without Awareness, but we
believe that they are actually separate manifestations of the same
thing,
and one is incomplete without the other. In any case, so long as we are
aware of our Universe it must be through the Parameters which are
inherent
in it. And there are six more of them making twelve Parameters in all,
after which the system closes on itself. These Twelve Parameters are
the
necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of the Universe
as
we are aware of it.
Although there is a smooth
relationship
following in the development of the various parameters we find that
they
fall naturally into four fabrics of three parameters each. Just as each
parameter has its unique characteristic so each fabric has its own
unique
characteristics, which include those of the individual parameters and
the
interrelationships between them.
It should be noted that in the
development
of the three parameters in the field fabric the Quadrature Concept was
applied in each case to the previously established parameter, and in
its
broader sense. This should not be confused with the mathematical
manipulation
of multiplying the previously established parameter by the square root
of minus one, as this is an operation which will subsequently be
employed
and is similar to parallel processes which go on in the space fabric.
While
this distinction is fairly obvious in the space fabric it may not be so
obvious in the field fabric.
Let us next look at those
aspects
of the Universe which impinge upon our awareness and which may possibly
be identified with the parameters of the field fabric. The Fourth
Parameter,
Change, reaches our awareness through our concept of Time, although we
have here mistaken the shadow for the substance and vice versa.
A field is a region which has a
unique
characteristic. The space fabric, in displaying the characteristic of
Change,
has a unique characteristic, so that this characteristic which so
appears
can qualify as a field. But the filed must be "somewhere" and the space
fabric fills this need, just as Area is necessary for the evolution of
the concept of Volume.
Suppose we call this field of
Change
a Tempic Field to give it a name of its own, so that we can study its
relationship
to those things which impinge upon our awareness. Inspection of the
Concept
shows that if the Change is great the tempic field must be great, but
we
associate Change with our Concept of Time which is something against
which
we gauge a rate of change. Expressed mathematically this rate can be
written
as dS/dt which expresses the manner in which something changes with
respect
to time. More explicitly this should be written as TS where T is the
tempic
field operator, and S is the aspect of Reality upon which it operates.
A convenient, though only partially adequate description of the Tempic
Field is "Frequency", since we recognize frequency as being a certain
number
of somethings per unit of time, and is dimensionally the reciprocal of
Time.
Heretofore we have always
considered
Time as an immutable flow against which everything evolving Change
could
be measured, whereas, it is really the converse which is true; Change
is
the basic concept and Time its derivative. Unfortunately, our
mathematics
are geared to the Time concept and will require considerable reworking
to fit them into this more precise concept, but when this is done there
will result a most elegant simplification in all the analysis involving
time. In the meantime the transition in thinking can be made less
painful
if we merely regard Time as the consequence of the existence of a
Tempic
Field, and is by no means fixed.
It may be interesting at this
point
to mention something about the velocity of light. This quantity is
generally
recognized to be something rather basic in our universe, being the
"rate
at which space changes with time", but when viewed in the light of this
new field concept is merely the tempic field intensity, or how the
tempic
field is distributed in space. We have been told that light doesn't
"travel";
it "is", which is an idea not at all foreign to the field concept. Of
course,
it follows that the velocity of light will be a constant only under
conditions
of constant tempic field, and if this field changes so will the
velocity
of light change.
Having had a superficial look
at
the Tempic Field and its derivation we may now allow our Awareness to
inspect
the next parameter which is Divergence to see if it is something which
can be recognized. Previously we noted that Reality had to extend to
infinity
from zero in order to establish Space and that unity, so far as
Awareness
was concerned, lay half way between. With the application of the
Quadrature
Concept to the parameter of Change or Tempic Field, Divergence is
established,
from which we derive a starting point a t zero and a finish at
infinity.
Between these two limits and through unity there is divergence, which
we
can recognize as the Electric Field, but with the exception that there
is no point charge at the zero. Our Awareness, however, established the
"charge" at radius unity, with exactly one half of it being "inside"
and
the other half being "outside". The real significance of this boundary
will be apparent when we study the tenth parameter.
When Divergence was established
by
Awareness, the Quadrature Concept was applied to the Tempic Field, so
we
may expect within the electric field two quantities, scalar and vector,
or quantity and its manner of distribution. These attributes we
recognize
immediately as pertaining to the electric fields with which we have
experience.
While the Tempic field is
purely
scalar, the application of the Quadrature Concept gave it an aspect
which
is vectorial in establishing the Electric Field, in that it now has
"direction"
as well as "quantity". In dealing with this parameter both these
aspects
should always be included. Otherwise the analysis is bound to be
incomplete.
In other words, mere vectorial summation is not sufficient and the
scalar
values must be integrated also. Also, we must get away from the idea
that
they are the manifestation of the fifth parameter from zero to infinity
and in themselves are the reality.
When Awareness inspects
Divergence
through the Quadrature Concept and establishes Curl. Similar
appreciation
results, and we see in Curl many of the characteristics of the Magnetic
Field, but again we have a boundary within which is half the reality
and
outside of which is the other half. We call that within (or without)
this
boundary the magnetic moment, but again we cannot establish a point
source.
Also, dealing with magnetic fields we must always include the scalar as
well as the vectorial aspects.
Just as Area has Length
incorporated
in it, and Volume has Area incorporated in it, so has the Electric
Field
the Tempic Field incorporated in it. Each of these three fields are
mutually
at right angles to each other. The three fields together are the
manifestation
of Reality in the Field Fabric as perceived by Awareness. The
interrelationships
between these various fields manifests to our Awareness as Matter and
Energy,
and the great variety of these manifestations is well known to us.
Chapter V
The
Control Fabric
The complete understanding of
the
Control Fabric is not easy, chiefly because by their very nature, our
mathematics
cannot be applied to it directly, and any analysis must be indirect.
However,
it is hoped that with some understanding of the Fabric suitable
mathematics
will be evolved with which to deal with it. In any case it should be
realized
the Understanding comes with increasing Awareness and if the basic
concepts
are understood, the rest will follow.
Awareness, inspecting Reality,
notices
that the Tempic Field is to some extent everywhere, and except for any
arbitrarily prescribed reference point is largely homogenous. The
Electric
Field, however, does have a reference point of its own but other than
this
it spreads out everywhere. The magnetic Field, in addition to having
both
the foregoing characteristics, has another one, namely orientation.
If the Quadrature Concept is
applied
to the Magnetic Field it will be found that its orientation can be
anything,
or in other words, it is Random. The probability of finding it in any
particular
orientation is exactly the same as for any other orientation, and while
the Field itself has a unique characteristic, its display is strictly
random.
While this is a rather over-simplified derivation of the Seventh
Parameter,
it may be sufficient to guide thinking in the direction of its
appreciation,
and as has been said previously, this appreciation is purely personal.
In all previous applications of
the
Quadrature Concept by Awareness, the matter of choice did not arise as
how the Concept was applied did not make any difference. However, with
the application of the Quadrature Concept to the magnetic Field, this
is
no longer the case, and a condition of asymmetry has been introduced
which
makes it necessary to decide how the Concept shall be applied. In fact,
the application of the Concept is in itself a definition of the Eighth
parameter, which is that of Decision, or Free Will.
The Ninth parameter, however,
again
establishes symmetry, and leads to a concept of Sequence, or Order, or
Specific Arrangement.
Up to the Eighth Parameter,
Awareness
was largely in the position of Observer, and was unable to make any
difference
in the scheme of things in the Understanding of what happened when the
Quadrature Concept was successively applied to the Basic Concept.
Concept
was successively applied the basic Concept. However, with the Eighth
Parameter,
Awareness became part of the Scheme in that a difference could result.
It is at this level that Free Will is exercised, even though we may
have
many ideas to the contrary, and it is through this characteristic that
we are able to control at least a part of this universe. Increased
understanding
will of course make possible extension of control, to the extent that
our
Awareness actually does Understand.
There is a price tag on this
control
through Free Will, however, in that the next application of the
Quadrature
Concept establishes a pattern which persists right around the cycle,
and
sequences are established which are directly consequential of the
application
of the Eighth Parameter.
In our relationship with the
Universe
we see all sorts of applications of the Control Fabric, from Random,
through
Free Will and into Sequence, as well as all sorts of combinations of
them.
Again, as was the case in the lower fabrics, each Parameter includes
the
lower Parameters as well as extending the Concept to include a new one.
Therefore, it follows that all higher Parameters than the Eighth will
be
subject to modification by Awareness, with proper Understanding. The
modification
will be the consequence of the operation on the asymmetry of the Field
Fabric, and its consequences will be felt right up to the Twelfth
Parameter.
Chapter VI
The
Percipitation Fabric
Once Awareness has understood
through
the application of the Quadrature Concept, the establishment of the
first
nine Parameters, the further application of this Concept yields three
more
Parameters which bring Matter and Energy as we know them into being.
Again,
as in the Third or Control Fabric, we have no tools except our own
Awareness
and understanding to follow through the evolvement of this Fabric. The
two higher Fabrics require much more sophisticated manipulations than
our
mathematics are capable of to show the relationships existing between
the
lower Parameters and Fabrics and the higher ones, and at our stage of
evolvement
we can reach them only through personal mental activity aided by hints
and direction from others who have already passed this way.
The application of the
Quadrature
Concept to the Parameter of Sequence yields the Tenth Parameter, Form.
It was previously mentioned that there is a unique value between zero
and
infinity called Unity where exactly half the Reality is "inside" and
half
is "outside" While it is true for formal mathematics and may be so
established,
it is also universally true outside of this discipline, that no amount
of manipulation can alter the value of unity and it always remains the
fulcrum about which all other values pivot, regardless of scale. The
Tenth
Parameter attaches a special significance to this value in that it
becomes
the apparent boundary of Reality.
It is at once apparent that
there
is no prescription of any "absolute" quantity of Reality, or any scale
of dimensions at all in this derivation. Therefore it follows that any
and all Reality will manifest Form such that its apparent boundary will
manifest half of the Reality inside and half outside. We do not know,
and
may never know, the total amount of Reality in the Universe, but the
Form
of the Universe will be such that half the Reality is inside and half
outside.
At the other extreme, the smallest bit of Reality that we can discern
will
also have this characteristic of one half being inside and the other
half
outside.
The next application of the
Quadrature
Concept yields the Parameter of Multiplicity, where more than one Form
is established. Remembering that each Parameter contains within itself
all lower Parameters, any and all deviations will reflect in the higher
parameters and the Eleventh Parameter will allow individualization in
Form
as a consequence. This may not be at once obvious, but it is the
mechanism
by which the various bits and pieces of matter and energy came into
being,
actually a coagulation of substance out of the basic Reality.
When the Quadrature Concept is
again
applied there results the Parameter of Aggregation, or Assembly of bits
into a Purposeful Structure. In this region resides the recognizable
universe,
animate and inanimate. It is the degree of exercise of Free Will that
distinguishes
between these two realms.
Further application of the
Quadrature
Concept merely offsets the universe from itself, which is the same as
another
linear dimension or First Parameter and the system closes on itself.
Therefore,
within the Universe as we are aware of it there are only these Twelve
Parameters.
They are the necessary and sufficient conditions for our Universe as we
know it, and all of which we are aware can be defined in terms of these
Parameters, and it is the duty and responsibility of Science to do so.
Having established twelve
Parameters
through our Awareness observing the Basic Reality through the
Quadrature
Concept, the question naturally arises regarding the place of Awareness
in the Universe. Since none of the Parameters in any way establishes
Awareness,
yet Awareness observes all twelve, it must occupy some unique position
relative thereto. This is true, but its understanding is not aided by
the
Reality of the universe and again it becomes a personal matter.
The following analogy may
assist
in visualizing to some extent the relative structure of the universal
parameters
and Awareness. Consider a sphere which is completely surrounded by
twelve
other spheres of the same size. All the spheres are in contact, and all
the outer spheres are in contact with the inner. Only three spheres and
the inner sphere can have mutual contact under any one circumstance.
Radius
of these three spheres may be mutually at right angles and the radius
of
the inner sphere may be in line with any one of these. Depending on the
starting point and progression, all spheres may be inspected
sequentially,
without any preference. A quadrature relationship is possible between
any
three spheres, including the central one. All these relationships are
valid
with respect to the relationships existing among the twelve parameters
and Awareness.
Chapter VII
The
Basic Particle
Establishing the Twelve
Parameters
of the Universe, in their four Fabrics of Three Parameters each, makes
it possible to study from the point of view of the Creator the
evolution
of the basic building blocks out of which our Universe is constructed.
Considering the evolution of one particle only we need go no higher
than
the first seven parameters, actually holding the seventh constant. The
higher Parameters enter the scene only when we want to do something
with
the particle so established.
The first three Parameters set
up
a framework in space within which the particle will appear, and the
next
three will provide the wherewithal with which to make it. We can work
with
Length, Area and Volume, Tempic, Electric and Magnetic Fields, and all
needed relationships between them. Our result will of course not be a
true
particle, because the higher Parameters will not have been applied; for
example, it will not display Form, but will be diffuse from zero to
infinity.
In the establishment of the
Space
Fabric the repeated application of the Quadrature Concept stepped up
the
available dimensions to three but it also made possible all sorts of
quadrature
relationships within this framework. Similarly, in the establishment of
the Field Fabric three field regions were established with quadrature
relationships
between them. Furthermore, there exists complete quadrature freedom
between
the field and space fabric, so that in effect we work in a Six
Dimensional
Continuum. It is easy to appreciate the large number of possibilities
among
the many permutations and combinations of spatial dimensions and
fields,
but the real problem is to sort out the actuality from the possibility.
This can be done only by continual cross-reference to observation of
Reality;
i.e., by asking Mother Nature the right questions. We can be reasonably
certain, however, of one thing: there will not be any unused
Parameters,
and the final result of the studies will involve all six.
Since we have no senses by
which
we can become directly aware of the various fields we will have to
depend
on the second hand data made available through our instruments, and
here
we must be extremely careful to distinguish between the phenomenon
itself
and the effects of the phenomenon on the instruments. Also, we must be
particularly careful in posing our questions to nature that they ask
exactly
what we want to find out and are not ambiguous.
In developing the twelve
Parameters,
the Quadrature Concept was applied between Awareness and the next lower
Parameter, but it may also be applied between any aspects of any
Parameters,
or any derivatives of them. In doing this, however, it is most
necessary
to realize just what is being done, and to understand the relationships
which are involved. Furthermore, we must never forget that we are
dealing
with Reality, and even though certain aspects may become zero, the
Reality
never vanishes. Conversely, any aspect which extends to infinity is
still
reality.
Since it was established that
reality
does extend in all cases from zero to infinity, it follows that if
there
is to be particularization as made possible by the eleventh Parameter
there
must be "overlap" among certain aspects. This simply means that in the
field fabric it is possible to have fields that exist independently
amongst
themselves and independently of any "background" which may also exist.
In fact, we do not know directly at present how much "unpercipitated
Reality"
there is in the universe, which will of course appear as a uniform
background
to the precipitated Reality with which we exist.
Whether or not fields stick
together
and add up to a single field depends entirely on the antecedents of the
field. If the fields are of unit particles they will become coherent
for
more than half of the reality to be held in common, when the little
bits
combine to form a big bit. If a field is produced by the simultaneous
behavior
of lots of particles or other fields, then it will be coherent, so long
as more than half its reality exists in common. These are basic
principles
and form the subject matter of a series of interesting and enlightening
experiments, and when understood provides an elegant interpretation of
much data being pondered by students of these matters.
The transition between coherent
and
incoherent fields results from conditions which bring more or less than
half of the reality in common, and the 'stability" is purely a function
of how close to "half" the system actually is.
In manipulating fields and
applying
the Quadrature Concept between them, we must understand that what we
are
really doing is allowing one field to operate on another. The operation
of A on b is not necessarily the same as the operation of B on A,
although
there can be relationships between these two operations. Successive
operations
will go right around the circle and back to the starting point provided
certain conditions are met. These conditions will become apparent later.
There is basically no
difference
between particles and radiated energy, except one of structure and
configuration.
Both contain Reality and are made up of fields in space, and are
subject
to the higher Parameters. We can say that radiated energy is "extended"
and that matter is "reentrant", to describe loosely their
configurations
and structures.
With the foregoing in mind we
can
now explore what happens when the various fields are operated upon by
each
other. When an electric field is operated upon by a tempic field, i.e.,
changed, a magnetic field results. When a magnetic field is operated
upon
by a tempic field, i.e., changed, an electric field results. A tempic
field
should result when an electric field operates on a magnetic field, but
the trick is to make it do so. Also, we would like to know what happens
when a tempic field is operated upon by an electric field or a magnetic
field.
A tempic field is largely
amorphous
and has direction only in relation to its own gradient in space, while
both the electric and magnetic fields have vectorial aspects in
addition
to their scalar aspects. Therefore, we could hardly expect complete
symmetry
among the operations of these three fields. We can, however, work
through
an intermediate arrangement whereby we generate the desired field with
its interaction already built into it. Whether or not there is a limit
to this sort of operation we do not know, but it certainly hasn't been
found yet, and it is a valid approach so long as we keep the basic
rules
constantly in mind.
As an introductory exercise
consider
the operation of a tempic field on an electric field by the simple
expedient
of having the electric field move. A magnetic field will be produced
and
will have a certain specific orientation. The vectorial direction of
the
magnetic field will be mutually at right angles to the direction of the
electric field and its motion. Now, since the magnetic field is a curl
function its divergence over the entire field must be zero. In order to
bring this about the magnetic field must operate on either or both if
the
other fields to close the system somehow, somewhere. One such method
would
be for this operation to increase the tempic field on one side and
decrease
it on the other so that the motion would close into a loop, which
implies
the operation of the magnetic field on the electric field to produce a
tempic field. If the structure of the three fields is understood, the
validity
of this operation is at once apparent, which establishes another
principle;
namely, that when a magnetic field, produced by a moving electric
field,
is moved longitudinally a tempic field is produced.
More thinking about this
exercise
discloses the fact that if this system merely closes on itself, the
divergence,
which is the electric field is eliminated, so that the only way in
which
the system can be self-sustaining is for it to close toroidally, so
that
there will be components of all three fields in all directions. That
this
is in fact the model of the basic particle of the universe in which we
exist is amply borne out by experiment, because it displays a tempic
field,
an electric field, and a magnetic moment. The electric polarity depends
on whether the spiral is right- or left-handed.
Inspection of this model
discloses
the fact that the tempic field will drop off as the inverse distance
from
the center of the toroid, the electric field will drop off as the
inverse
square of this distance, and the magnetic field will drop of as the
inverse
cube. What fields we observe with our instrumentation in the vicinity
of
such a particle will be the summation of the particle fields, the
fields
of all other particles, and the unresolved background fields of the
fabric
itself.
Possibly a clearer
understanding
of the structure of the basic particle may be had by considering the
composition,
orientation, and interaction of the entire field structure, considered
together as a unit.
Looking at the composite field
structure
shows us three fields at right angles to each other. There is the
tempic
with its gradient in one direction, the electric with its divergence in
a direction at right angles to it and including it, and the magnetic at
right angles to the other two and including both of them. For
self-sustaining
conditions, the operation f each upon the other, there must be
one-for-one
relationships between them. Therefore the real movement under stable
self-sustaining
conditions will be in the vectorial 1,1,1 direction, or exactly midway
among the three directions of the component fields.
The skew progression of the
fields
results in a double closure of the system, which will have both
rotation
and precession. It is readily apparent that since the tempic field only
must have a specified gradient, the other two fields have two possible
orientations, which will result in two directions of possible rotation
and two directions of possible precession. The electric polarity of the
particle will be the resultant of the coherent fields arising from both
the rotation and precession, and can have two values of positive and
two
values of negative. Because of the necessary geometrical conditions
imposed
by the nature of space itself, the precessional field will be smaller
than
the rotational field giving particles having two values of positive
charge
rather close together and two negative equally close together.
The significance of these
differences
in charges will be discussed later in the chapter on gravity, as well
as
some very interesting circumstances arising out of the skew condition,
particularly at close range.
Chapter VIII
Radiated
Energy
The basic tempic particle
rsulted
from the operation of the tempic field on the electric field through
movement.
In other words, there was a permitted gradient of tempic field in
space.
If, however, we had insisted that the change be such that it occurred
at
one place we would have had a slightly different picture. The only
change
possible under these conditions would have been an increase or decrease
in the electric field through the operation of the tempic field, and it
would have had to inject its own quadrature relationship in order to
exist.
Therefore, the tempic field must in itself carry the quadrature
concept,
which simply means that it becomes a sinusoidally varying alternating
field
in the single space location.
Now, if the tempic field varies
at
any point in space, adjacent to that point there must be tempic field
gradients,
or "velocities". Since the electric field has a definite orientation,
and
consequently the magnetic field resulting from the tempic field
operation
will also have a definite orientation, it will in turn produce a
further
tempic field of definite orientation which will be coherent with the
original
field, increasing it in one direction and reducing it in the other
direction.
The whole business can therefore become self-sustaining only if it
darts
off in this particular direction with the velocity of light, or in the
direction of the establishing tempic field gradient.
It is readily apparent that we
cannot
avoid space getting into the picture in some way or other. If we permit
things to travel through space, they just go round and round and stay
in
one place, but if we try to make them stay in one place they dart of
with
the velocity of light! Furthermore, the difference between matter and
radiated
energy is very similar to that between Direct Current and Alternating
Current.
Otherwise, there is very little difference between the two forms of the
expression of Reality.
As coherence is possible among
particles,
if more than half the reality is common, so is coherence possible in
radiated
energy if more than half the reality is in common.
The extent to which the tempic
field
makes use of the quadrature concept in its operation will reflect in
the
"wave length" of the radiation, which in turn will reflect the quantity
of reality involved. The maximum values of the electric and magnetic
fields
will be those existing in the region where the radiated energy
originated,
since there is no concept in this universe for Negative Reality, and
the
operations must be on the total coherent fields present. This same
reasoning
applies to the size and maximum fields of the basic particle.
It follows that where radiated
energy
originates in fabrics having appreciably different background fields,
its
wavelength will be different from that of equivalent radiated energy
originating
in more familiar fabric.
Within the universe which we
perceive,
we are reasonably satisfied that the maximum value of all the coherent
fields involved in our particles and radiated energy have the same
value.
Planck's Constant is the numerical expression of this value, and the
velocity
of light is the expression of the numerical value of the tempic field
intensity
Whether or not other universes can and do exist having other numerical
values, and what the relationships ought to be between them, is quite
another
matter, subject to entirely separate consideration.
In the previous consideration
the
operation of the tempic field on the electric field was proposed as the
starting point. If, however, the initial operation was on the magnetic
field, an additional complication gets injected. The electric field so
generated can have its required divergence only if the whole systemis
folded
back on itself. This establishes a condition where the magnetic field
is
entirely closed on itself about a tempic field "core", with the
electric
field interlaced with alternating polarity. Picturesquely, it would
look
like a string of magnetic doughnuts of alternating magnetic direction,
stuck together with electrostatic icing of alternating polarity, and
all
threaded into a string of increased tempic field and placed inside a
tube
of decreased tempic field. A most complicated picture, but one which
does
exist in this universe and has some most remarkable properties. For
lack
of a better name it is called "tensor energy".
Tensor energy carries its
tempic
field with it, so it is therefore not subject to propagation, and both
ends of the beam are actually simultaneous (interval zero). The beam
does
not dissipate and has the same numerical values at the receiving end as
it has at the transmitting end. Regardless of the combination of field
conditions encountered at the receiving end, the same relationships are
maintained as existed at the transmitting end. Reversing the initial
polarity
of the magnetic field will place decreased tempic field on the inside
and
increased on the outside, so that several tensor beams can be stuck
together
as a "cable". Since the tensor beam does not have any external field of
any kind it is immune to any and all outside field effects. The only
manifestation
external to the beam itself is the tempic field gradient of the outer
sheath.
Chapter IX
Building
Blocks of Matter
When the basic particle was
developed
it was tacitly stated that only the first six parameters would be
considered.
However, during the development there were many instances when the
higher
Parameters were invoked, particularly those of the Fourth Fabric, so
that
not only could the particle itself be visualized but some idea might
evolve
a to how it might be related to other particles. When all the
parameters
have been applied there exists a particle, having form, along with many
others of its kind, and having certain definite relationships to them,
and possible of combination with others to form purposeful aggregates.
Two particles will merge into a
single
particle if they can be so arranged that more than half the reality is
in common. Since the basic particle is shaped like a toroid, stacking
them
is rather obviously the way to achieve this. We can put them together
alternately
with opposite polarities until we reach a point where this basic
condition
no longer holds. Remembering that the tempic field is an inverse
distance
field, the electric is an inverse square field, and the magnetic is an
inverse cube field, the coherence of the various fields will be
different,
and there will be reached limits beyond which the system will not be
stable
with simple stacking. We can then stick the stacks together sideways,
and
then stick another stack on the ends of the resulting assembly, and so
on.
Electrons and positrons as we
know
them are basic particles, and protons and neutrons are simply stacks of
these with either an even or odd number in the stack. Mesons are merely
fragmented stacks. There are quite a variety of other bits and pieces
made
up of basic particles stuck together through their field coherence,
with
varying degrees of stability being displayed according to how close to
the half-in-half-out rule they are.
Since it is rather obvious that
no
pattern of stacking can ever make all the fields involved equally
interpenetrating,
there must be some pattern of leftover fields manifesting outside the
composite
particle, and these are the fields which establish the characteristics
of matter as we know it. Study of the relative configurations of the
electric
and magnetic fields establishes the electric charge and the
configuration
of the family of basic particles which the composite particle attracts.
The electrons will drift into the electric field and then attach
themselves
over appropriate poles, to an extent that interpenetration can be
established
between electron fields and the residual fields of the composite
particle.
The number of poles and the number of unit charges determine the
"elements"
as we identify these systems.
The tempic field, being purely
scalar
in nature merely contributes to the manner in which changes can occur
in
the system. If, however, through some characteristic of configuration,
the tempic field within a composite particle displays some
irregularity,
this will manifest as a "vibration", and if the magnitude of the
vibration
is such as to cause the interpenetrating fields to exceed the
half-and-half
point the whole system will come apart: radioactivity.
When a system does come apart,
those
fields which were coherent and interpenetrating in the correct
proportion
will remain so and take off down the tempic field gradient and become
radiated
energy.
The fields which contribute to
the
internal "attractions" of atoms are the electric and magnetic,
supplemented
by secondary fields resulting from any further operations between the
basic
field parameters. These fields form a static pattern, which is dynamic
only when tempic field irregularities occur. The difference in energy
levels
is the extent to which the fields are coherent in the proportions to
form
radiated energy, which can enter or leave the system upon appropriate
arrangement
of its components.
At this point it may be well to
call
attention to a simple but often overlooked principle. Since all Reality
in this universe must conform to the parameter of Form, it must always
display the characteristic of being half-in and half-out. This rule
also
applies to energy, either quantized or amorphous. Energy always exists
in conjunction with its conjugate. In other words, in any reaction
involving
energy, we see only one half the energy involved; the other half is
either
inside or outside from our point of concern. It is most fortunate that
this is so, otherwise the universe wouldn't work!
In developing our understanding
of
radiated energy we made certain initial assumptions, i.e., that we hid
have a field upon which we could operate, and that this field was
sufficiently
detached that the operation was so isolated that it could be considered
quite apart from any interaction with other fields or particles. Rather
obviously this does not represent a real condition. In nature we always
find a close association between matter and energy somewhere in the
scheme
of things, and usually at both ends of the syste, sowe should have a
closer
look at the interaction of matter and energy, always bearing in mind
that
they are both different aspects of the same Reality.
The reason that fields curl
around
to form material particles is because tempic fields are generated which
increase the time available on one side of the system and decrease it
on
the other. Therefore, whenever any degree of asymmetry is introduced
into
a coherent field system, it will change direction and if the conditions
are right for the system to be self-sustaining, a particle will be
formed.
Conversely, if a discontinuity is introduced, sufficient to disturb the
closure of a system, the differences in the tempic field distribution
will
disappear and the particle will dart off as radiated energy.
When particles merge to such an
extent
that the interpenetration of the fields exceeds the halfway point, and
an asymetry is introduced, a tempic field gradient is established away
from the system in the direction bisecting the asymmetry, in both
directions
so that two bits of radiated energy take off down these gradients.
Conversely, when two
approximately
equal bits of radiated energy merge beyond the halfway point, a
deviation
in direction of the tempic field takes place which, if it can be
maintained,
allows the bits of radiated energy to merge into a particle.
Within a complex structure of
particles
there may be coherent field systems, which if disturbed may acquire a
linear
tempic field gradient, and a bit of the Reality will take off down this
gradient and radiation will be emitted by the structure.
With the curling in on itself
of
radiated energy, if the geometry is correct, the alternating field
aspects
flow into a uni-directional arrangement, and conversely, when a
particle
unwraps to form radiation, a quadrature phase is introduced in the
field
relationships.
With an understanding of the
basic
particle, the structure of radiated energy, and the transition
mechanism,
we do in fact have the understanding of how this universe is put
together
and how it operates. Using the principles already understood we can
explore
all the many and varied manifestations of matter and energy, and
understand
just what goes on. Here and there we can confirm our understanding by
reference
to experiment, in the full knowledge that we will pose our questions
correctly,
and that nature will give us explicit answers.
Chapter X
Forces
In the evolution of the twelve
Parameters
of the Universe by the Quadrature Concept on the Basic Concept in
Nothing-At-All,
such questions as the forces involved and the energy which became
apparent
did not arise. These matters come into beings only when the twelve
Parameters
have been established, and we find that what goes on in this universe
requires
some understanding of these factors.
A field is a region which has a
unique
characteristic. The unique characteristics of fields were established
by
the operation of the Quadrature Concept on the Space Fabric and then in
turn on the fields as each was established. In the earlier stages of
this
development, before the application of the parameters higher than the
Sixth,
we could not discern the presence of these factors in the amorphous
background
of the field and space fabrics; only the Reality which had been
established.
Subsequent applications of the
Quadrature
Concept provided Control and Percipitation, but none of the Fabrics
added
anything beyond what existed in Nothing-At-All as perceived by
Awareness,
and all Reality which existed or can exist was provided by the Creator
in that original state. Awareness merely established how it was
arranged
to establish the universe as we know it.
We generally think of a Force
as
something which pulls or pushes against some sort of resistance, and as
such have a pretty fair, but superficial, idea of what it is. In the
establishment
of the Space Fabric, Force is what stretched a Point into a Line and
kept
it there, and what pulled a line out sideways to make an area and held
it there, and what pushed the area apart into a volume and sustained
it.
Force provided the means by which the density of Reality in Space was
adjusted
to
form the Tempic Field, and the means by which the Tempic Field was
given
a Divergence to establish the Electric Field and the means by which the
Electric Field was given a Curl to establish the Magnetic Field, and
the
means by which these fields were sustained.
Force, in turn establishes the
parameters
of the Control Fabric and the Percipitation Fabric, and makes possible
the establishment of Matter and Energy as we know them. In other words,
each operation with the Quadrature Concept involves a Force
arrangement,
and the magnitude and significance of each of the Forces depends on the
manipulation carried out and the Fabric in which it is being done.
Conversely,
forces always develop whenever Reality is modified, and always in the
Fabric
where the modification takes place. It takes the combined manipulation
of all three Parameters in any one Fabric to extend a force into
another
Fabric, which, needless to say, is a rather special arrangement.
We say that Energy is the
ability
to do work, or the ability to establish a force which will operate
against
a resistance over a certain prescribed distance, but these ideas are
not
quite basic enough to relate Force with the basic Reality. Looking at a
region of unit size in which there is a field, we note that this field
came into being because of the Quadrature Concept, a Force, and is
being
sustained by this Force. The Unique Characteristic which describes this
field says that there is s difference between opposite sides of the
unit
region, in the direction of the field and therefore the field must be
stressed
against itself in this direction and therefore the Reality so expressed
is the product of the field intensity with itself, and the total
Reality
within the total field will be the integrated value of this "Field
Intensity
Squared" over the entire space occupied by the field, bearing in mind
the
half-in-half-out relationship of Form. Or we can concern ourselves with
the Reality or Energy within a limited region only and perform the
integration
over that region. There is a very interesting factor which enters the
picture
at this point called the Principle of Inversion.
If a region is selected in
which
there are two fields of the same kind, same magnitude and same
direction,
such that very nearly half the Reality of each is within the region,
then
the two fields are just on the edge of becoming coherent. If the fields
are not coherent the total energy in the region is the sum of the
energies
of the two fields, i.e., twice the square of the field intensity of
each
integrated over the region. If, however, the fields are coherent, the
total
energy is the square of twice the field intensity integrated over the
region,
or twice the energy of the two fields incoherent! This relationship is
most significant as it represents the "packing energy" of the bits and
pieces in atomic nuclei, and also points the way to the precipitation
of
energy out of the cosmic background.
When we take a look at the
mechanics
of matter we find some interesting relationships. Kinetic energy, or
energy
of change, is one half the mass times the velocity squared. But the
velocity
is the reciprocal of the gradient of reality or the tempic field, from
which it appears that the energy is one half the mass times the tempic
field intensity squared, integrated over the region involved in the
change.
If the mass is taken as the density of reality times the volume it
occupies
the fact that twice as much energy appears indicates that the fields
making
up matter are coherent. This again is an important relationship as it
pertains
to the chopping up of matter.
Chapter XI
Gravity
The twelve Parameters of the
Universe
are the necessary and sufficient conditions for the establishment of
our
Universe as we know it, and together with the unique position of
Awareness
forms our entire experience in this physical world. All of which we are
or can be aware are expressable in terms of these twelve Parameters.
Gravity is a phenomenon with
which
we have daily experience but which we haven't earned very much about,
working
backwards as we do from effect to cause. The fact that objects fall
when
given an opportunity to do so, experiencing an acceleration which
appears
to have very nearly the same value on this planet for all falls, leads
us to the conclusion that it is somehow an inertial phenomenon. The
added
fact that ordinary manipulations appear not to affect gravity leads to
the conclusion that somehow gravity is inherent in matter itself. By
studying
the effects of gravity and keeping close track of the numerical
quantities
involved we have established some rules respecting forces, energy and
interactions,
all of which allow us to work with gravity as we find it, but there it
stops.
Since matter and energy are
manifestations
of Reality entirely within the Twelve parameters, we must look for
explanations
of their behavior within the structure of these parameters, and
regardless
of any ideas to the contrary this is where we will find it!
The field fabric sets up three,
and
three only, fields which are capable of exercising forces on the field
structures which constitute matter and energy, so gravity must be due
to
the operation of one or more of these three fields. The fact that
observation
indicates that gravity falls off as the inverse square of the distance
indicates that it is essentially an electric field, divergence. The
fact
that we cannot cancel it out by the application of the electric fields
to which we have access is due to the fact that we cannot make the
canceling
field coherent, and the best we can do is to integrate the effects of
the
fields, not the fields themselves, to produce an opposing force in a
limited
region.
The inertial approach involves
the
application of a particular tempic field gradient, carefully adjusted
so
that its effects are consistent with observation, but this implies
certain
flexibilities in the space fabric inconsistent with its established
linear
nature.
Another inertial concept of
gravity
is the all-pervading micro-particular gas, the units of which impinge
on
matter and through an exchange of momentum press the matter together.
The
difficulty of this concept is the necessity for explaining the inflow
of
energy to matter and implies either an energy sink within matter or an
obscure energy exchange phenomenon between the regions within and
without
matter.
When the basic particle was
being
considered, it was established that four kinds of particles were
possible:
right hand and left hand spin and right hand and left hand precession,
which gave particles having positive charges with plus and minus
increments,
but all having the same magnetic moments and tempic fields. Within
these
particles, and within systems made up of them as atoms, etc., there is
field coherence, so that there are specific values for these fields
determined
by the particles themselves, and outside of them the fields will also
be
quite specific.
Looking at the model of the
basic
particle it is noted that the electric field is a dynamic condition
resulting
from the mutual interaction of the three basic fields. But since the
tempic
field is a gradient it is in itself not "motional", and the radial
component
of the electric field being divergence and having no component along
either
of the tempic field gradient directions also is not motional, and these
fields are essentially static so long as the particle itself doesn't
move
or change. However, the skew component of the electric field, due to
the
precession, does have a component along a tempic field gradient and is
motional. Therefore, field coherence is possible within the static
structure
due to spin, but not within the dynamic structure due to precession,
unless
the configuration is such that the skew field can comply with the
half-and-half
Form condition.
It is fairly obvious from the
foregoing
that only matter having the same direction of precession will assemble
into large aggregates, first, because of the selective action of the
differences
in forces resulting from the differences in electric charges, and
second,
because the interpenetration of particles of opposite precession will
introduce
an asymmetry in the system resulting in its immediate conversion into
radiated
energy. There are, however, a few special configurations where fairly
large
aggregates are involved where the initial fields already had an
asymmetry
which could be offset by the asymmetry introduced by the particle with
the reversed precession and the whole system may be stable.
Consequently,
in the evolution of our universe we would expect a separation process
to
take place which would result in matter of essentially the same
precession
congregating together, and a fairly quick conversion to radiated energy
of particles of opposite precession which happened to wander into such
regions.
In considering the integration
of
basic particles to form the larger units of matter, there is a slight
advantage
for the particles with the larger total electric charge to so
integrate,
because suitable configurations will permit coherence of the skew
fields.
In any aggregate system such as a planet, there is bound to be a
continual
circulation of particles, both basic and composite, so that after many
cycles of such circulation most of the big ones congregate in the
nuclei
and the little ones take up outer positions. This is the condition
which
we find now, as we inspect the matter to which we have access.
When the forementioned
separation
has taken place and most of the particles of opposite precession have
been
eliminated, we find that the system contains nuclei having one specific
charge with electron shells having the opposite charge. The matter on
planet
Earth has positive charges dominant in the nucleus and negative charges
in the shells, and as free particles. Elsewhere in the universe there
will
be an aggregate of the converse relationship.
An aggregate of matter such as
we
have on Earth, where the sort-out is reasonably complete, will be
electrically
neutral so far as the electric fields are concerned, and may or may not
have a magnetic moment depending on how random is the orientation of
the
various particles, again determined by the summation of the effects of
the fields, and a tempic field which will be the direct scalar
summation
of the many contributing tempic fields. It will also have the skew
electric
fields of the same polarity as the nuclei.
With the exception of the skew
fields,
all the other external fields of the aggregate may be considered as
static
because they have no component of the tempic field at right angles to
them.
The skew fields, on the other hand, are dynamic because they do have a
quadrature tempic field component. Furthermore, the skew fields are
largely
incoherent simply because the normal almost random orientation
precludes
their meeting the half-in requirement of Form to become coherent.
Since the skew fields do have a
tempic
field component at right angles, they will generate an electric field
throughout
the entire region, of the same polarity as the static electric field to
which they are additive. Such an aggregate may be considered as having
two electric fields, one of which is subject to cancellation by
surrounding
electric particle fields, and the other not so subject. Partial
cancellation
is possible, and if the aggregate is left to its own devices will be
attained,
by a surrounding shell of particles of the opposite polarity, so that
externally
to the entire system the effects of the fields will be a minimum and
electrically
neutral.
However, if another aggregate
of
similar precession enters the vicinity, such cancellation can no longer
be approximated, and the skew field induces an electric field within
this
aggregate which amounts to an electric field distortion or
"polarization".
A convenient way of discussing what happens is to consider the skew
fields
and the polarization in terms of electric "charges" even though this
concept
is not strictly correct.
If the primary aggregate is
considered
to have a charge which induces the polarization in the secondary
aggregate,
this polarization will be equivalent to a charge displacement such that
the product of the displaced charges and the distance through which
they
are displaced will be a statement of the amount of polarization This
will
be located in the electric field of the primary aggregate and will have
two forces acting which will be numerically equal; one maintaining the
polarization and the other between the polarization and the primary
field.
Therefore, the net force will be the product of the primary field
divergence
and the square of the polarization in the secondary aggregate. There
are
of course other ways of establishing this relationship but they all say
the same thing in other words, which is that Gravity is a dynamic field
function and is the product of the gravitational field divergence and
the
square of the polarization induced in the attracted bit of matter, with
the gravitational field being merely the skew electric field.
For the mathematician the
following
is offered:
Polarization in the attracted
bit
is q(q dr)
Equating forces q(q dr) = Qq/r2
+ Qq/(r + dr)2
Gravity F= Qq/r2 +
Qq/(r
+ dr)2 = (q dr)2 1/r
Having established the nature
of
Gravity and is "formula", we may now see what can be done with it.
Since
it is essentially an electric field phenomenon, albeit not an
electrostatic
one, its distribution and behavior will be much the same as any other
electric
field, except for its dynamic characteristic. Altering the polarization
will alter the force exerted by gravity, but because this is a square
relationship,
no such alteration can make the force negative (operate in the opposite
direction). However, altering the divergence will alter both the
magnitude
and direction of the force, and the trick for controlling gravity is
precisely
this.
Since the gravitational field
is
due to the skew electric field, or stated differently, to the induction
from the motional electric field, this is the logical region to explore
for the mechanism by which fields may be produced to combine with the
gravitational
field to produce a resultant having a divergence more to our liking.
In taking a quick look at the
gravitational
relationships of the basic particles alone there are some interesting
aspects.
Since in an established region practically all the precessions are the
same, the free particles will have a motional field of polarity the
same
as the particles making up the composite ones, and therefore they will
be "repelled" by gravity. This repulsion, however, will be quite a bit
less than the electrostatic attraction, so a compromise position will
be
established at such a distance that everything will be in equilibrium.
In the atomic structure there
are
therefore the electric field forces holding the electrons onto the
nucleus,
the magnetic forces fixing them in position, the gravitational forces
tending
to push them away and resulting in a compromised location, with the
tempic
field contributing to the dynamic conditions within and contiguous to
the
structure. All these forces have been developed from the basic concepts
already put forward and are possible of confirmation by experiment if
we
ask nature the right questions. These same forces extend beyond the
atom
into molecular chemistry, crystal forms, and amorphous aggregates.
These
dame forces exist within the atomic nuclei together with others
resulting
from the interpenetration of the fields and their coherence. Matter,
though
magnificently complex is elegantly simple in its basic structure when
understood.
Definition
of Unusual Terms
Aggregate ~ The physical
assembly
of particles as separate units.
Amorphous ~ Assembly of
matter
in which control is largely random.
Awareness ~ The
relationship
between a Being and all else.
Coherence ~ The
condition
when two or more fields of the same king and direction combine into a
single
field.
Creator ~ The primary
Cause
for the existence of Awareness, Reality and its perception.
Crystal ~ Assembly of
matter
in which control is largely sequential.
Fabric ~ Grouping of
three
of the basic Parameters according to derivation and contiguous
characteristics.
Integration ~ The
summation
of bits of the same kind into a whole.
Parameter ~ One of the
twelve
basic principles upon which all Reality perceived by Awareness is based.
Percipitation ~ Bringing
Reality
totally within the Perception of Awareness.
Personal ~ Pertaining to
the
identity of a Being.
Plasm ~ Assembly of
matter
in which control is largely free will.
Quadrature ~ A special
operation
by which a broadside (at right angles) relationship is established.
Skew ~ The geometrical
configuration
in which certain fields have tangential as well as radial components.
Tempic ~ The field
parameter
of Change
Tensor ~ Pertaining to a
configuration
of radiated energy which is self-contained.
Section Two
The
Q Concept
If we consider the fraction 2/3
we
see that we are comparing the number 2 with the number 3. Nothing is
said
about the reality to which each number applies, beyond the implication
that both numbers apply to the same reality. If, however, they do not
apply
to the same reality, then one of two things result: i.e., a conversion
must be made or we agree that we cannot deal with the situation.
Suppose we are considering 2
apples
and two pears. They are both fruit and have many features in common.
The
fraction 2/3 tells us that of the 5 fruit, 2 are of one kind and 3 are
of another, and that we have 2/3 as many of one kind as we have of the
other, and 3/2 of the converse.
If we rewrite the fraction in
the
following form 2/3|5 this nomenclature will tell us all of the above in
one glance; namely, that we have 5 articles, having a factor in common
which we are comparing, and that we have 2 of one kind and 3 of the
other.
Written 3/2|5 tells us precisely the same thing except that the order
of
comparison is reversed.
If we write i2/j3|5 we realize
at
once that 2 somethings lie along the x axis and 3 somethings lie along
the y axis, but that we are considering their numerical values only.
If we write i2/j3|5 we realize
that
we are comparing two vectors in a quite normal manner. In fact, we are
so familiar with vectors that the mere presence of the i and j notation
tell us the whole story with respect to these two vectors. Therefore,
the
vertical line and what is to the right of it may properly be omitted.
Consider next the problem of
zero
and infinity. If we define infinity as the largest number in which we
have
any interest and zero as the smallest number in which we have any
interest,
and if we maintain exactly the same degree of interesting both, then
unity
must lie exactly halfway between our zero and infinity. We may tell
this
story in our nomenclature as follows: 0/00|1 or 00/0|1.
Consider next the situation
with
respect to differentials. The quantity dy/dx implies that there exists
a relationship between y and x and that there are no aspects not
included
in this relationship. If, however, there are unrelated aspects, then
dy/dx
implies that only the related aspects are being considered. To a
limited
extent we get around this difficulty by "conversion factors" or scale
constants,
but these means do not allow us to cross the gap between one type of
reality
to a totally different type.
If we write sy/dx|A we are
saying
that A describes the relationship between y and x which we are to
consider.
This relationship may be ANYTHING.
The foregoing, though
interesting,
is not essential to the handling of ordinary concepts and their
mathematics.
However, there are certain transcendental concepts which do not lend
themselves
to a mathematical analysis unless we use such devices to orient them
within
the framework of the mathematics we have learned to understand.
We are all familiar (or think
we
are) with the term "NOW" meaning the present. We speak of the past,
present
and future and consider "now" as the bracket in time with which we are
immediately concerned. However, no matter how precisely we define it we
cannot establish exactly what the present or now really is, except that
it is vaguely a dividing point between the past and the future.
Nevertheless,
we know quite well instinctively that we are living in the present and
it is a perfectly real and satisfactory situation. Furthermore, we are
advised that, to a disembodied entity, the present is the complete
reality
and the past and future merely arrangements of events in the broadest
sense.
If we write Future - Past =
Now,
we are saying that "Now is a very small differential between two very
large
items". A more proper expression is: Future - Past/Now|90° where we
show that the present is actually in quadrature with the Future-Past,
and
hence need not be a small differential at all, but can assume the
proportions
which we instinctively know it to possess.
If we use the symbol Q for this
quadrature
concept we can write the above as:
F - P| Q
N
which tells us the whole story
regarding
this relationship and leaves us satisfied that it is all in the proper
perspective.
We know that spin itself, the
divergence
of spin and the curl of spin are all mutually at right angles.
Therefore,
any inter-comparison between the three fields presented by these
quantitites
should properly be written with the Q concept included:
De/dm|Q
dm/dt|Q
dt/de|Q
Incidentally, our observation
of
these three fields is always in quadrature. This is quite apparent with
respect to time as set forth above, but a little consideration is
necessary
to appreciate that it also applies to the other two basic fields as
well.
This concept is even more necessary when learning to appreciate the
higher
dimension. Without it we cannot deal mathematically with the
relationship
between fields and, say, free will.
Here it should be emphasized
that
the Q concept extends beyond mere quadrature, or kind. It actually
embraces
the relationships existing among whole families of aspects of reality.
Consider the twelve dimensions
of
Deity, oriented in four fabrics of three each. Ordinarily one would not
consider any dimensional relationship to exist, say, between the
electric
field and probability, but these are truly related through the Q
concept.
In fact, the Q concept is the only relationship which does in fact
exist
between the various dimensions.
Again, we have defined a field
as
any region which has a unique characteristic. If we extend our concept
of a region to include the abstract as well as the spatial idea, then
all
twelve of the dimensions become fields. Admitting this, the Q concept
must
exist between the various dimensions incorporated in the analysis.
Let us look at an example:
is a valid equation only if
both
sides, and everything on each side, refer to the same aspect of reality
or a Unity relationship exists between all of the components. Note the
resemblance of this equation to certain electromagnetic wave equations,
which are in fact particular cases of this general case.
Employing the Q concept, this
equation
becomes
Section Three
Principles
&
Technology of Other Races
[ Assembled from disclosures
made
by space people in various communications made to W. B Smith, and
others
with whom contact has been established. Data is arranged in logical
rather
than chronological order. ]
Part 1
Fundamentals
1.1
~
The Structure of Meaning
Meaning is something which we
generally
take for granted. It is something with which we live day by day and
which
we usually have no occasion to define. In fact, a strict definition
might
be exceedingly difficult to evolve. To try to attach a meaning to
meaning
is very much like trying to pull oneself up by one's bootstraps. We
could
say that meaning is a way of conveying understanding, or that
understanding
results from the successful of meaning. Understanding itself is
something
that begs definition.
Our knowledge of the physical
world
is acquired in two ways: by physical experience, and by conveyance of
meaning
by others. In either case it can have two results. The knowledge can
simply
be stored to be regurgitated on demand, or it can be understood. There
is a vast difference between these two aspects. In the first case the
action
is much like a phonograph or the memory box in an electronic brain. The
stored data is usable only in the precise form in which it was
deposited,
any change whatsoever being tantamount to error. In the second case,
however,
since the data is understood, it can be used in any form whatsoever and
in any combination with other data which is understood.
Obviously, understanding is
enormously
more useful than mere memory storage. Where memory bits can be used
only
one by one, or in combinations which have been established in memory,
understanding
permits use in all sorts of permutations and combinations: "The
greatest
wealth which can be acquired by man, is a complete understanding"
(A-lan).
An example may be used to
illustrate
these points. Of a blind person who has never enjoyed the use of his
eyes
were handed a lemon and told that it was yellow, he could feel its
shape,
texture, hardness and smell or taste it. Thereafter, if handed a
similar
object he would be fairly capable of telling someone else that it was a
lemon and that it was yellow. However, he probably would have no
understanding
of yellow.
Three things are necessary to
understanding,
that is for data to have meaning. First, the data must actually reach
the
recipient accurately, and this is not nearly as easy as it looks. It
must
reach him either through his physical senses, or through direct mind
contact,
both of which are subject to distortions. Second, the recipient must be
coded to receive the information. That is, each bit of information must
be significant to him; it must have its own meaning in its own right.
Third,
the recipient must be able to process the data, which is the fitting of
it together until it becomes an integrated whole, which is meaningful
and
self-consistent. To these three major steps may be added a fourth,
which
is essentially the cross-checking of meaning with others who have been
exposed to the same data.
There exist many aids to
understanding,
such as formal logic, mathematics, computers, and methods of thinking
which
in themselves are close to intuition. In what follows, use will be made
of any and all aids to understanding. However, it cannot be stressed
too
strongly that in nature there are certain fundamentals upon which all
else
is predicated, and an understanding of the more complex cannot be
attained
until the fundamentals are completely understood. And this does not
mean
merely committing to memory certain formulas that appear to work.
When properly understood, this
universe
in which we find ourselves is beautifully simple. It is not at all the
mathematical monstrosity with which we are accustomed to deal in our
conventional
science. True, the basic principles are foreign to our scholastic
training,
but they are strictly ion accordance with what we know instinctively to
be true. We are actually born with a better understanding of our
universe
than we boast of after a college graduation.
In formal geometry we base our
reasoning
on certain axioms, which we hold to be self-evident truths. The fact
that
we can build an integrated, meaningful, and self-consistent whole on
these
axioms gives us confidence in them. What would our attitude be if we
found
that the farther we advanced in geometry the more corrections we had to
apply to make things come out right? We most certainly should question
the validity of our precious axioms, or our methods, or both.
In our conventional science we
have
assumed certain things to be self-evident, and we have built a very
complicated
structure on them. We actually are finding, however, that we have to
apply
more and more corrections to make our philosophy work. In fact, we now
apply so many corrections that we have formed the habit and consider
that
to do so is perfectly natural and in the orderly course of events. We
are
so far along this road that it is difficult even to look back, let
alone
to return to our axioms for a reappraisal and maybe a fresh start.
In what follows a complete new
start
is attempted. No apology will be made for this approach, and no
explanations
will be given beyond those believed to be necessary for an
understanding
of the subject. As a matter of fact, a useful preliminary ceremony
would
be a good brain washing. It should be remembered that no one can really
teach; they can only help others to learn.
1.2
~
The Rectilinear Concept
As a first consideration let us
consider
what space appears to be to us. We have no doubts about its volumetric
nature although we have no senses by which we can observe this
condition.
We conclude that space is volumetric by the nature of things which we
find
in it. What would it be like if everything were removed from space?
Would
we even have space?
Can we conceive of a space
structure
completely devoid of matter or energy in any form; real empty space?
What
would such space be like? If we were disembodied entities located in
such
a space, how could we identify our position or describe where or how we
were? What sort of yardstick could we use? These and many more similar
questions must be faced squarely by those seeking understanding.
When one has satisfied himself
by
actually doing it that he can conceive of space with absolutely nothing
in it, and is not too terrified of his creation, he is then in a
position
to take the next step, namely to find his way about in it.
An arbitrary decision can be
made
to refer all concepts to where the investigator conceives himself to
be,
thereby establishing a point. He can next conceive of an adjacent
point,
thereby establishing a line. By turning in various directions he can
establish
the concepts of surfaces and volumes. But no matter what he does after
that, the investigator cannot add more concepts to the space itself. He
therefore concludes that what he instinctively felt soon after he first
conceived the empty space, that it was volumetric, and nothing more, is
correct.
The foregoing is actually an
exercise
in mental gymnastics, but as physical exercise is necessary for
body-building,
so are these exercises necessary for the building of understanding. It
is absolutely necessary to satisfy oneself on these points before going
on to the next concept.
The next step is to conceive of
a
way of getting about in this empty space, and to realize that one has
done
so when the operation is complete. The concept of an adjacent position,
or point, is a good approach, and here again the operation becomes one
of mental gymnastics, and a lot of manipulation and practice is
necessary
to get the feel of the situation.
As one gains in understanding
of
the properties of space, the various geometries become evident, and it
becomes increasingly obvious that a wide variety can be made to work,
if
certain basic parameters are admitted. However, since our concern is
primarily
with our space and our universe, we will want to select the geometry
that
best fits our experience.
Ordinary Euclidean or
rectilinear
geometry is quite familiar and comprehensible to us, and we can
understand
easily how it can be applied to space as we conceive it. We can
understand
a sideways, forwards-backwards, up-down concept, or expressed
mathematically,
and x, y and z axis. Also, we experience no great difficulty in
conceiving
of these three axes as converging at right angles to a single point and
extending outward therefrom to enormous distances. We can even
introduce
the idea of infinity in any direction as being somewhat beyond the
farthest
distance in which we have any interest.
In our rectilinear concept we
can
conceive of such a thing as a straight line, although we might be hard
put to define it, since the concept is in itself axiomatic. However, if
we understand what a straight line actually is in our concept and we
are
sure that others with whom we communicate also have the same
understanding,
we can use it as a real datum point in our appreciation of our
universe.
This point is of particular significance in what is to follow, as it is
one of the few solid anchors we have on which to fasten our
understanding.
Let us never lose sight of this concept of a straight line, as entirely
distinct from the behavior of matter or energy.
Our rectilinear concept at once
validates
our Euclidean geometry. Furthermore, it removes any limitations which
might
be imposed on it by either great or small distances. It provides us
with
a clear-cut framework within which we can think our way about in space.
We should satisfy ourselves that this concept actually is a necessary
and
sufficient condition for this purpose, although we remember that its
selection
was arbitrary and that other geometries probably would work just as
well.
However, since we have made our decision to use the rectilinear
concept,
we must be prepared to stick to our decision unless and until proved
wrong.
As a matter of fact, any geometry can be used, and will work within the
limiting parameters of its definitions. It is only when extended beyond
these limits that corrections become necessary, but even with the
corrections
the geometry itself does not become invalid, only the things we expect
it to do.
1.3 ~
Relativity
of Measurement
In our concept of space one of
our
first needs is for methods of measurement. We want to fix distances and
directions, and we want to be sure that what we measure stays measured
at the value we measure. We can agree upon some arbitrary distance
between
two points of which we can conceive, and make our measurements in terms
of this distance as a unit, or standard, if you please. But can we be
sure
that the two points which form our standard stay put? And would it
actually
make any difference if they didn't? Is there any characteristic of our
space which would tell us if our standard changed? As a matter of fact,
if there were, such a property itself would make an excellent standard.
We are forced to the conclusion that, (a) absolute distances in space
as
determined by properties of space cannot exist, all measurements being
relative to some arbitrary standard, and (b) so long as ALL the
measurements
in which we are interested are made relative to the same arbitrary
standard,
it doesn't matter if they do change, as we have no way of knowing
anyway.
To get ahead of ourselves a
bit,
we might discuss the use of the so-called constant quantity, the
velocity
of light, as a standard of distance. This implies two assumptions: (a)
that some quantity, time, is fixed somehow so that a measurement can be
made relative to it, and (b) that we can be sure that light will behave
in a ladylike manner with respect to our rectilinear geometry. At first
this may seem to be an attractive way out, but a little consideration
will
show that it merely trades one difficult problem for two more which are
inherently just as difficult. These maters will form the subject of a
later
section where it will be shown that the problem is even more complex
than
appears above. Fortunately, there is a solution which is at once simple
and satisfying, but a good deal of preliminary conditioning must be
endured
before this concept can be understood.
1.4 ~
Basic
Reality
Having conceived of completely
empty
space and satisfied ourselves regarding the geometry of it and the
limitations
of measurement which are inherent in it, we may quite properly ask
ourselves,
how real it is it? Does our space, the space which surrounds us,
actually
have these characteristics? We know that our space contains lots of
things
we consider as quit real, and we may ask of what are they made, and
what
is their basic reality?
To conceive of an abstract
quality
and assign to it concrete properties and then call it a real substance
is most unsatisfactory in the face of our notions regarding everyday
matter.
We would much prefer to have something more tangible as a starting
point.
Consequently, even though reality actually is a concept just as
intangible
as our rectilinear concept, it might assist understanding if some
primordial
quantity could be introduced as a medium of expression. The early
postulation
of ether and the still earlier Greek Ylm might fulfill this
requirement.
Both were considered to be all-pervading strictly continuous substances
out of which matter was fabricated, and to have whatever properties
were
necessary for the formation of matter, without regard to how
conflicting
these properties might be. There is no fundamental objection to the use
of such a medium of expression, since we will find that all references
to it actually cancel out anyway. However, if it will serve as a crutch
to help us in our first faltering steps, by all mean let's use it.
In our considerations of Ylm or
ether
we have something that is structureless, imponderable, and without
boundaries,
and in every sense intangible. Our concept of space provides a place in
which we can conceive of the ether as being located, but by what
manipulation
can we convert this imponderable substance into ponderable matter?
Instinctively we know that we
must
make use of space as we have it, and that which we find therein, if we
are to designate reality as distinct from the continuous background of
ether. If we cannot designate some portion of the ether as being unique
and distinguishable from all the rest, then we cannot say that we have
established any degree of reality.
What is required then is for us
to
conceive of something which may be done, some manipulation which when
completed
will designate without uncertainty a certain region as being unique
above
all others, and therefore real. Ordinary spatial measurement we know to
be inadequate since they are all relative to the arbitrary standard
with
which they were measured. Obviously what is needed is something which
in
itself is absolute: something that will display the same value no
matter
where or how it is inspected, something against which a measurement may
be made with assurance that when made it will not change. Furthermore,
to assume the arbitrary injection of such a standard merely begs the
question,
since we transfer the question of reality from the substance to the
yardstick
that measured it, without yet establishing the reality of the
yardstick.
No, we must find that for which we seek in our concept of space itself.
1.5 ~ The
Concept
of Spin
There is one, and only one,
concept
that is absolute in its own right in rectilinear space, and that is the
concept of spin. The word should be understood in the sense of a
manipulation,
or process, performed within the concept of space as we have conceived
it, or performed on the ether within it. Either approach is valid.
Imagine two points in
rectilinear
space, with a straight line joining them. Imagine that another line
which
started out coincident with the first is swung around one of the points
until it is again coincident with its initial position. Something has
been
done, once, and the concept of it having been done is established. No
matter
how big or small our region may become relative to some yardstick, the
rotation once around remains the same. So also are absolute, multiple
and
factional rotations.
It is at once apparent that
this
concept of spin, extended through a place rotating about a line, and
extending
to infinity can be made to encompass our entire concept of rectilinear
space. We can fill all space with a single spin, or any portion
thereof,
or we can fill it with many spins. Furthermore, we can conceive of the
many spins being oriented in many ways, and having many manners of
distribution.
But the important thing to understand is that a region which is
spinning
is distinguishable from regions which are not, and that the actual spin
is independent of any arbitrary standard of measurement.
At this point it must be noted
that
nothing is said about the rate of spin; only that spin takes place.
Earlier
we toyed with a concept of time which we held in abeyance because the
concept
added nothing to our concept of space and only posed more problems than
it solves. We do not need to introduce time so long as we recognize the
intervals of spin; that is, the relative angles of displacement at each
comparative measurement. Understanding this point is vital to an
understanding
of spin. It will be shown later that time is a consequence of spin, and
not something by which spin may be measured.
Having established the absolute
nature
of spin we may next question its reality. By reality, we understand the
ability to distinguish the reality from all else, to be able to say
what
it is and what it is not, to say where it is and where it is not, to
make
it interact with other reality. In other words, reality is something
which
we can place in a definite mental compartment with reasonable assurance
that it will remain there. We want to be able to think about reality as
a unit, and not have it mixed up with or overshadowed by unreality, or
unresolved background. If a concept meets these requirements reasonably
well, we are reasonably happy with it and prepared to consider it as
real.
If we are to understand the reality of spin we must satisfy ourselves
that
it actually does met these criteria. Much of what follows is developed
with this end in view, and in recognition of the fact that it may be
difficult
to accept the status of reality for something which seems to be merely
a mental manipulation.
Even though the concept of spin
may
not be too acceptable at first as a basic reality, when its many
properties
are explored and found to coincide with observed properties of matter,
and when from these properties may be predicted the laws which we know
matter to follow, the status of spin most certainly will be enhanced
and
with increased understanding will come greater confidence in the
beautiful
simplicity of the rectilinear concept of space within which spin
manifests
as the basic reality. In fact, we will find that we need no further
foundations
upon which to build our complete understanding of the material universe
with all its glittering apparent complexity.
Part 2
The
Structure of
Spin
2.1 ~ The
Spin
Mechanism
The concept of spin is
fundamental
in nature and is the only concept in nature which is absolute in its
own
right. The idea of spin has associated integrally with it the idea of
units,
multiples and fractions of complete revolutions, and these units are
completely
independent of any yardstick with which they may be measured. We can
conceive
of enormously large and enormously small numbers and these are
applicable
directly to spin, and have exactly the same significance with respect
to
any particular spin to which they may be applied.
Within any interval of
attention
spin may make many revolutions, one revolution only, or even a minute
fraction
of a revolution, without losing in any way its absolute nature. In
fact,
within any interval of attention, it need not actually turn at all, but
merely display a tendency to turn, or be ready to turn. Or again, using
our familiar concept of time (which incidentally we shall have to
modify
severely), we could say that one revolution completed in eternity would
still be valid. On other words, there are no intrinsic limits imposed
on
spin, and we can think about it exactly the same way as we can think
about
any pure number, for that is precisely what it is: the basic number of
our material universe.
In our concept of rectilinear
space
we conceived of a single spin being present, centered about a point and
extending out indefinitely far, perhaps to infinity. We satisfied
ourselves
that it could involve all of our space, and probably would unless we
chose
to prescribe arbitrary boundaries, which could be relative to some
arbitrary
yardstick at best. So now we can do two things: study the structure of
a single spin, and then the interaction of a plurality of spins,
because
we know by our experience with this physical universe that spins do
interact.
At this point it might be well
to
make a blatant statement, and leave the derivation of it until much
later,
in order to facilitate understanding of what this discussion of spin is
leading up to. Since spin is the only concept which we have in this
universe
which is absolute, it is fairly obvious that it must be the primordial
building material of matter and energy, and a unit of spin must be the
basic unit of these manifestations. All that we have in this material
universe,
whether matter or energy, is made up of spin, various units of which
are
fitted together in manners becoming to each and every form of matter or
energy with which we are familiar, and many of which we do not even yet
suspect.
2.2 ~ The
Units
Consider first a single spin
alone
in space. Let us inspect it closely to see what we have. If our
interval
of inspection is sufficiently large we sill observe it to make one
complete
revolution, and we can assign to that interval one unit, and we may
subdivide
the unit to any extent we please, or we may observe it for a larger
interval
while it makes many revolutions. We have thus defined a unit for our
interval.
It is fairly obvious that since
linear
distances in rectilinear space are purely relative, and spin is
absolute,
the interval of a unit of spin, or any fraction or any multiple of it
must
be precisely the same regardless of the relative distance from the
center
of spin that the observation was made. This point is of vital
importance
in the understanding of the origin of time.
Furthermore, uniform
subdivisions
of an interval of spin must all be identical. This is almost axiomatic,
since if it were not so how could we tell anyway?
In our conceptions of space and
spin
we must understand that we are not limited in any way to numbers in the
vicinity of unity. We wish to establish relative values of unity to
construct
useable scales, but there is no necessity whatsoever to confine our
thinking
to the middle register of numbers. In fact, we will find that nature
runs
the gamut of numbers from the infinitesimally small to the enormously
large,
for all practical purposes from a real zero to a real infinity.
Therefore
we can construct our practical scales where convenient.
2.3 ~
Distribution
of Spin
So far, in our conception of
spin,
we have considered it to be distributed uniformly throughout our
rectilinear
space. We have tacitly assumed that angular displacement within
any
interval would be constant. However, under this concept it is apparent
that the farther one goes away from the center of spin, the greater
will
be the actual spin displacement, and the reality of the spin will
obviously
be located anywhere else than at the center of spin where we would
suppose
it to be and where it has to be if it is to be consistent with our
experience
with matter.
While we can conceive of many
possible
distribution of spin, only one is consistent with our universe as we
find
it. We cannot say whether or not other real universes can co-exist with
ours having spin distribution different from that of our universe, but
it is most unlikely that means would exist to detect them if they did.
Spin in our universe is almost certainly evenly distributed, in that
the
spin displacement is the same regardless of the r elative distance from
the center of spin. This concept is validated by the fact that
conclusions
derived from it are entirely consistent with our experience with matter
and energy. If it were not so there would exist voids in our universe
into
which our matter and energy could not penetrate, and we know of no such
voids although it is quite conceivable that they could exist. Certainly
within the range of our observations on the behavior of matter and
energy
the concept of even distribution of spin displacement appears to be
valid.
It is very important to
understand
what is meant by uniform displacement of spin, as this peculiarity of
structure
is responsible for all the characteristics of matter and energy with
which
we are familiar. Imagine a line in space being rotated around a point
and
away from another line through the same point. If both lines are
straight
there will be an increasing angle between the, the magnitude of which
will
be indicative of the spin. Bit with uniform displacement of spin in any
interval there is just as much displacement of the line near to the
point
about which the turning takes place as more remote from it. This is a
consequence
of the relativity of linear measurements, and although related to the
geometry
of the spin must not be confused with it. The obvious conclusion is
that
the interval near the center contains more units than the interval
farther
out.
A natural question at this
point
is, just what is this interval about which we have been talking? It
should
be noted that the word time has deliberately been avoided, and for a
very
good reason. It is first necessary to establish the interval in terms
of
spin only, so that derivatives of the interval can have an absolute
status.
The interval itself can next be cut up into convenient and meaningful
units,
which are also absolute in nature. If we wish, we can call these
subdivisions
by the name time, but if we do we must realize that this time is not
quite
the same as the process which our clocks measure. It is truly the
amount
of spin contained in an interval of attention, and nothing more.
2.4 ~ Spin
Velocity
In the consideration of the
distribution
of spin and spin displacement, reference was made to an arbitrary
interval
of attention. The amount of spin in this interval signifies the extent
of happening, or amount of reality present. But since the interval is
arbitrary
while the spin is absolute, the unit of interval of necessity must be
defined
in terms of spin.
I = Interval
i= Subdivisions of Interval
n = Number of subdivisions
S = Spin
D = Spin displacement
From geometry D = S / rI
rI = S / D which is constant
for
all values of r. But n i = I, from which r n i = constant,
from which it is apparent that n must be proportional to I / r if the
values
of i are to be all the same. By suitable choice of units, which is
permissible
since our interval is quite arbitrary, we can have n = I / r whence D =
S / i.
The quantity D, which is spin
per
unit of interval, is spin velocity as referred to a unit of time if we
wish to think of the subdivisions of the interval as time. This
quantity,
spin velocity or spin displacement, is a fundamental concept in nature,
and although we may use many and varied units for n and i, the quantity
remains fixed when once defined.
Spin velocity will be shown
later
to bear a close resemblance to the universal constant c, or the
velocity
of light, but it would be erroneous at this stage to say that this is
the
derivation of c, since there are other factors that also enter into its
derivation. The real fundamental constant is of course spin velocity,
and
this is constant for matter and energy as we know them.
2.5 ~ The
Tempic
Field
A field is a region that has a
unique
characteristic. This definition is purposefully broad and includes all
kinds of fields. It even includes fields of grain and battlefields. A
broad
definition is necessary since so far, all we have defined in the
universe
is a three dimensional space (region) and spin (characteristic). But we
know that our space contains an enormous variety of things, all made of
spin, and somehow we must explain them all, We will have to study all
the
characteristics of spin in our region of interest in order to do this.
Therefore, we will tackle the job piecemeal and study each field
separately,
that is each spin characteristic manifesting in the region.
In the consideration of the
distribution
of spin and in the derivation of the spin velocity, it was pointed out
that units of subdivision of an interval could be defined in terms of
spin,
and that the number of such units was always proportional to the amount
or quantity of spin present at that point. Consider a region about a
center
of spin, extending as far as we please in all directions. The
distribution
of spin is such that more lies close to the center than farther away.
Also,
the units within the interval of attention follow the same
distribution.
This is then a unique characteristic in our region of interest
qualifying
it as a field, and in view of the fact that we may associate units of
interval
subdivision with our ideas of time, it would be proper to give this
field
a name having some kind of time significance. We will call it the
tempic
field.
The intensity of the tempic
field
is obviously the number of units of interval subdivision associated
with
the spin that is present at that point. The distribution of the field
of
course follows exactly the distribution of the spin that defines it.
The
more intense the tempic field, the larger number of units necessary to
express it.
Because of its very nature, and
being
located as it is in a rectilinear space, spin must be both scalar and
vector.
That is, there will be a quantity of reality that does not involve
direction,
and various characteristics that involve direction as well as
magnitude.
By definition of the units by which spin is measured these units must
always
be positive; therefore it is apparent that they cannot have direction,
and must be completely scalar in nature, but always additive. However,
because of the geometry of space and the distribution of spin, many of
its characteristics will be vectorial.
The tempic field actually is
the
direct manifestation of spin, and like the reality of the spin quantity
itself, is a scalar quantity. Its distribution throughout the space
can,
however, have directional properties and hence be vectorial. We could
say
that the tempic field is synonymous with the quantity of spin, although
it would not be quite correct to say that the tempic field and spin
were
the same thing.
It would be well to remember
that
the entire concept of interval, subdivisions of interval, and tempic
field,
is necessary to enable us to conceive of spin as a real quantity and to
make it possible for something to happen in our concept of rectilinear
space. Our universe being what it is, a basic rectilinear or
three-dimensional
matrix, with the only absolute quantity of spin with which to populate
it, means that regardless of what we might choose to call the various
manifestations
of spin they are none the less real and are the building blocks of our
matter and energy.
In order to determine just
where
reality lies we might perform an interesting mathematical operation.
Consider
a system of spherical coordinates centered on our spin center, with q
as
the vertical angle and ø as the horizontal angle. Let r equal
the
radius and dv the element of volume.
dv = r cos q d ø r d q dr
But since the tempic field
intensity
is proportional to I / r, the quantity of spin in the element dv is
dq = k dv / r3
dq = k cos q d q d ø dr
/
r
Integrating q = 4pi k loge
r2 / r1
For unit radius k = 1 / 4pi ,
also
note loge 1 = 0
Hence for unit radius one half
the
total spin lies inside a sphere of radius1, and half lies outside.
Also,
the total quantity is 4pi times the quantity per unit volume. These
figures
will be seen to have significance later when the various other spin
fields
are considered.
Part 3
The Spin
Fields
3.1 ~ The
Significance
of the Tempic Field
We have just satisfied
ourselves
that spin may be described or measured in terms of subdivisions of an
interval
and that these units may properly be considered as a field. We have
called
this field tempic field, rather than a time field, because time for us
has a connotation that is not strictly in accord with the
characteristics
of this field. As a matter of fact, our clocks do not measure either
time
or tempic field; they measure entropy changes. If it were not for the
fact
that so much of the matter in our universe is behaving in a most
ladylike
manner, our clocks would indeed by quite erratic. It will be shown
later
that time may be altered through natural processes or manipulated by
intelligent
control.
Suppose again that we were
disembodied
entities, but this time located in space near where a certain quantity
of spin existed. If our psychological time sense were reasonably good
and
we set about to explore the region we would find that it took us longer
to explore a given relative distance near to the spin center than
farther
away from. Also, we would probably notice that if we moved at right
angles
to the line joining our position with the spin center it would take us
just as long to develop a given angle regardless of how far from the
spin
center we might be. This is the true concept of time, reduced to its
most
basic form.
As disembodied entities we are
able
to prowl around the spin center and investigate its many aspects
without
disturbing it, and in order to understand it we must appreciate it as
it
is, not through a third or fourth hand effect as may be shown on some
crude
indicating instrument. When we understand the structure of matter then
we may devise confirmatory experiments using whatever instrumentation
we
please, but until that understanding is attained, the proper tool is
the
uninhibited mind.
In our explorations of the
region
surrounding the spin center we would always find some spin, and it
would
always be present. It would never become negative or zero, although t
might
be quite small. But we would find that the tempic field intensity s
such
that it could easily fool us in regard to the amount of space which we
had explored, particularly if we had used an arbitrary yardstick to
measure
it.
Again, if we used an arbitrary
yardstick
to measure the space, we would find that the spin density would be
inversely
proportional to the distance from the spin center, provided that our
arbitrary
yardstick didn't change. We would, however, find that the time taken to
explore an equal volume close to the center was more than that taken to
explore the same volume farther away. We might jump to the conclusion
that
time was fixed, and that the space was stretched or warped close to the
spin center. This is precisely what happened when the Theory of
Relativity
was formulated. This theory is quite valid, provided it is used only in
a region where the tempic field bears a simple relation to the relative
linear scale; otherwise it can become frightfully complicated as all
who
have struggled through it can testify.
The Theory of Relativity,
therefore,
is really a special case where Time is held constant and everything
else
is allowed to vary if need be. Is it not ever so much simpler to
recognize
the field nature of time and have a rectilinear space which is straight
forward and easy to understand, than to insist on a constant time with
its attendant necessity for continually introducing and trying to
justify
such weird concepts as space warps, contractions, etc? The fact remains
furthermore, that whether we like it or not, the tempic field exists
and
no amount of skepticism will make it go away.
3.2 ~
Simultaneity
In developing the properties of
spin
the term "interval" was used extensively. It was not defined except by
implication. In fact, it would be most difficult to define it except in
terms of spin itself. We could say, with respect to a single spin
center,
that an interval was a multiple or fraction (or unity) of a complete
revolution,
but this definition would not be valid when more than one spin center
was
under consideration, except in special circumstances. It is suggested
that
understanding is more readily attained if the term is always considered
in this subjective sense, as "interval of attention", and merely
brackets
the extent of our consideration for the matter. This may seem to be
laboring
a point but a full appreciation of the term is essential for an
understanding
of simultaneity.
Since the tempic field and
therefore
time at any point is the result of the spin condition manifesting at
that
point the concept of simultaneity in its usual sense becomes somewhat
ambiguous
and requires redefining. There is no great difficulty when a single
spin
center is considered, or within a region where the tempic field is
constant,
but the matter is not quite so simple in other cases.
Consider first the case of a
single
spin center. Here simultaneity would be established by one or more
straight
lines converging on the spin center. In the practical case some means
of
direct observation or communication along such lines is implied. If
this
is not possible, then it is at once apparent that simultaneity cannot
be
established directly and may only be deduced. Subjectively, however, we
can visualize the spin angle swept out within any given interval of
attention
and declare that simultaneity existed throughout that particular spin
during
that interval. It must be carefully noted that this simultaneity is
quite
separate from the amount of time that might have been included in the
interval
in the various parts of the spin, although measurable by any of the
times.
Consider next a region that is
relatively
small enough that the tempic field is uniform throughout. Here it is
fairly
obvious that simultaneity exists throughout the region. Also, that
within
any interval of attention the amount of time existing is the same for
the
entire region. The surface of the earth very closely approximates this
condition.
In anticipation of cases to be
discussed
at greater length later, let us turn our attention to something of a
general
case, where the tempic field is neither uniform nor follows a simple
pattern
of distribution. Subjectively we can declare that simultaneity exists
throughout
the region within any given interval of attention, but how are we to
establish
this fact? Obviously, throughout the region different parts will have
different
amounts of time within the interval, but unless we are able to observe
all points separately, or have means of communication between these
points,
we will not know when to start counting the time at the start of the
interval
nor when to stop counting it at the end.
Although simultaneity is a
concept
which in itself is not difficult, because of the characteristics of
spin
that make up our universe, simultaneity cannot be established unless
the
interval of attention starts with everything in which we are interested
located at a single point in space and finishes at another single point
in space. This is probably the most fundamental concept in connection
with
the tempic field, and merely states that with respect to time one
cannot
have a cake and eat it too.
Suppose two observers started
out
from a point where the tempic field was t1 and one went immediately to
a region where the field was t2 and the other went to a region where
the
field was t3. Suppose that there were three clocks that responded
proportionately
to the tempic fields, one carried out by each of the observers and the
third remaining at the starting point. Suppose that, after a certain
interval,
both observers returned to the starting point and compared notes. They
would find that the elapsed time as measured by the clocks was closely
proportional to the fields within which they had been operating, any
discrepancies
being due to the transition periods between the various regions.
Probably
the two observers would disagree violently with each other and with the
home clock as to how long they had been away, but with simultaneity
established
by common points of start and finish of the interval, they would be
forced
to admit that the time change was real. Otherwise, the time would
appear
to be absolute and simultaneity would be sacrificed.
3.3 ~ The
Divergence
of Spin
It was shown previously that
the
only reality that we have in our universe is spin. This reality is of
course
both scalar and vector. The total quantity of spin is scalar and
represents
the total quantity of reality. The distribution of this reality gives
rise
to another scalar quantity, namely spin density, and also to several
vector
quantities, including gradient, divergence and curl. There are also
other
tensor quantities as well. Spin density was shown to have the
characteristics
of a field, the properties of which were identified with a time aspect
and the field seen to be that which gives rise to our phenomena of
time,
and therefore was called a tempic field.
It may readily be appreciated
that
since spin is centered about a point and has a distribution other than
uniform, it must have a divergence. This divergence is identical with
the
result of the mathematical operation of the scalar product of the
differential
operator del, or unit differential vector with the spin unit itself.
The
mathematical development will be dealt with later when we come to the
integration
of these basic concepts with conventional science. With this subsequent
analysis it will be shown why the electric field has the properties
that
it displays, and how they got there. Because, the divergence of spin is
the electric field. Here again we have a fundamental principle derived
and stated.
3.4 ~ The
Curl
of Spin
Having seen that the divergence
of
spin results from the mathematical operation of the scalar product of
del
and spin, we may next look at the vector product of these two
quantities.
This produces the curl of spin, and again the detailed mathematical
developments
will be deferred until we study the properties of the magnetic field,
because
the curl of spin is the magnetic field. This may come as something of a
shock, particularly in the light of certain of our preconceived ideas
regarding
the structure of magnetic fields. However, skepticism has never yet
made
a fact go away, and the magnetic field is still the curl of a spin.
Incidentally, at this point we
may
inject a comment that was directed at our science and in particular of
our knowledge of magnetism: "Scientists of Earth know an amazing number
of things about magnetism which are not so!", and in the light of the
understanding
of the true nature of magnetism this statement is most appropriate. The
two things that are possibly closest to our daily lives of the entire
physical
science are magnetism and gravitation, and these are the things about
which
we have the wildest misconceptions. One of our queer ideas about
magnetic
fields is that they are made up of lines of force that loop around and
close on themselves. Undoubtedly we got this idea from playing with
iron
filings and a magnet. What we didn't see, however, was what happened
inside
the magnet. In fact, the field does not close on itself and inside the
magnet it has exactly the same sense of direction as outside. These and
many more features of the magnetic field will be demonstrated later.
3.5 ~ The
Gradient
of Spin
Having considered the
mathematical
operation of the unit vector del on the vector aspect of spin to obtain
the divergence and curl, and having seen the significance of these
operations,
let us next look at the effect or consequence of the operation of del
on
the scalar aspect of spin. It is at once apparent that this will yield
a gradient of spin and to this we must attach meaning.
We have seen the scalar aspect
of
spin to be the parent quantity from which our time is derived. The
gradient
of this quantity is therefore the rate of change over time over the
incremental
distance considered and in the direction decreed by the unit vector
del.
In writing this out we have
G = dt / dx + dt / dy + dt / dx
=
dt / ds
where t is the tempic field and
s
the distance in the direction of del. Inverting this equation, we have
1 / G = ds / dt
which we recognize immediately
to
be a velocity.
Of course we will at once ask
the
question, if this gradient is the reciprocal of a velocity, what is
going
where? The answer is that one spin center in the universe would be
unstable
and at once expand to infinity, but within the structure of our matter,
the arrangement is such that these gradients precisely cancel each
other
out and stable matter results. This property the gives us the clue for
the manner in which our matter is built up, and in effect is
responsible
for the ponderable nature of matter
It is interesting to note the
relationship
defining momentum, mass times velocity, which is, of course, mass
divided
by the spin gradient. Or, we can define mass as the product of the
ponderability
of matter and the spin gradient that produced it. Much more will be
said
about these and other relationships later.
Part 4
Multiplicity
of
Spin Centers
4.1 ~
General
Considerations
We have had a superficial look
at
the behaviors of a single spin center and a peek at a multiplicity of
spin
centers. We know that our matter is made up of enormous numbers of spin
centers, some of which are relatively quite close together, so let us
now
see what happens when there are a great many to consider.
In the first place, all the
spin
centers could be lined up; that is, their spin vectors could all be
pointing
in the same direction. In this case we would say that such matter is
"polarized",
and we would expect different properties than from unpolarized matter
in
which the spin vectors were randomly oriented.
It may be readily appreciated
that
at any point the effect of the summation of each of the fields due to
each
individual spin will depend on (a) the relative distance from the
reference
point to each spin center, and (b) the relative orientation of the spin
centers with respect to one another. This consideration is apart from
any
"background" field that may be present.
Since spin is both scalar and
vector,
it follows that the scalar components will simply add up, while the
laws
of vector addition will be followed by the vector components, with one
important additional consideration. The scalar addition must be
performed
before the mathematical operations with del are performed to yield the
field conditions. This consideration is merely stated at this stage as
being important. Its significance will be apparent later, but it has to
do with the fact that spin, which is what is being operated upon, is in
itself the only absolute quantity with respect to which the operation
may
be performed.
Another important consideration
is
to realize that spin centers are exactly what their name implies; they
are centers about which the units of reality function. They are not
particles.
Therefore, the standard equations of vector analysis such as LaPlace's
and Poisson's equations may not always be valid. These equations are
derived
on the assumption that the entire virtue of a particle is contained
within
the point center and its only influence is apparent outside of the
point.
This is of course not the case, as the entire virtue of a spin center
actually
lies completely outside the point center, and may correctly be said to
be everywhere except within the point.
4.2 ~
Summation
of Scalar Spin
Consider first an aggregate or
cluster
of a large by a finite number of spin centers. At any point the total
spin
will be the scalar sum of all the individual spins at that point. The
total
resultant spin density will give the tempic field intensity at that
point.
If the reference is very far from the cluster, then the resultant
tempic
field intensity will appear to originate (approximately) from a single
large spin center coincident with the geometry of the cluster. It will
be found to vary intensely as the distance from this virtual center.
As the cluster is approached by
the
reference point, the tempic field intensity increases according to the
inverse distance law until quite near, when it levels off to become
nearly
constant as the cluster is penetrated. The significant point here is
that
the presence of additional spin centers modifies the simple inverse
distance
law of spin distribution around a single spin center.
The exact description in any
particular
case can of course be worked out mathematically but at this stage there
is little point in doing so as it is only part of the story and does
not
necessarily represent any actual condition of spin distribution. In
practical
cases there is always a "background" of tempic field to be considered
along
with the purely local consideration, and in addition there may be
tempic
fields due to "dynamic" relationships between the other fields present
in the region.
4.3 ~
Summation
of Gradient of Spin
We have seen that the gradient
of
spin has the characteristic of one over a velocity; also that the
ponderability
of matter multiplied by the spin gradient gives mass. It is not too
difficult
to conceive of configurations of spin centers that will produce
extensive
regions of reduced spin gradient. In these regions the apparent spin
velocities
become high, but since the physical distances involved remain
unchanged,
and spin velocity is constant, the effect is a decrease in the tempic
field.
In other words, holes are formed in the background of the tempic field,
i.e., there is to all intents and purposes negative spin introduced.
Surrounding
these holes there will be represent all the characteristics of new, but
negative, spin centers with their attendant fields superimposed on the
fields of the original spin centers that produced the holes.
In a matrix of a large number
of
spin centers all oriented in the same direction, it is easy to see that
there will be very nearly the same number of holes formed in the spaces
between them. In the microscopic sense the gradients balance and the
entire
mass is stable. In the case of a large number of randomly oriented spin
centers only a few will produce real holes, with the remainder
producing
"virtual" holes. These virtual holes are none the less real even though
they lie in effect "outside" the spin centers responsible for their
existence.
If we look at a pair of spin
centers
that are oriented in the same direction, we find a hole developing
between
them, and a "shell" of increased spin developing around them. On the
other
hand, if they are oriented in the opposite direction, a region of
increased
spin develops between them and a shell of reduced spin develops around
them.
Here we must be careful to
maintain
a clear concept of what is going on. The scalar aspect of spin is its
absolute
reality and is either present or absent. It has no fixed direction or
polarity.
It adds up arithmetically to produce the total amount of reality
present.
The distribution of spin, however, is a function of relative position
and
its derivative, the gradient of spin, also has direction in that it is
a scalar quantity measured in a certain direction. In the foregoing,
the
basic spin units remain unaltered by the presence or absence of other
spin
units, but the field structure associated with them is altered by the
presence
of other spin centers.
Where holes develop, there is
no
change in the absolute quantity of spin present, only a redistribution;
a conversion of some spin from positive to negative, super-imposed on
the
background of positive spin.
We may ask what the difference
is
between a real and a virtual hole. A real hole develops in "polarized"
matter where the gradient of spin is reduced in the space between the
spin
centers and increased in the region surrounding the spin centers.
Consequently,
since the ponderability of matter is proportional to the reciprocal of
the spin gradient, such polarized matter loses ponderability while
still
retaining reality (mass) with respect to all outside consideration. A
virtual
hole develops in unpolarized matter and may have almost any
distribution
from a real hole to a completely virtual hole as in the case of
opposite
spin orientation. The one feature in common is that of increasing the
ponderability
of matter with respect to outside considerations.
Where there are available large
numbers
of randomly oriented spin centers patterns of real and virtual holes
can
develop, which when taken together with patterns resulting from other
field
considerations give rise to the structure of matter as we know it.
Part 5
[ This part was not written ]
5.1 ~ Definition of Force
5.2 ~ Changing Reality
5.3 ~ Work & Energy
Note: For other essays and memos by Wilbur Smith, click here and here.
