A 2014 federal report found that St Louis area police's use of traffic stops to raise revenue through fines was an underlying cause of racial unrest. A study published last month by the state attorney general's office confirmed what many fear about "driving while black" in Missouri. It concluded black motorists were 85% more likely to be pulled over in traffic stops last year. It is the highest disparity since stops data began being collected 18 years ago. "There's still an idea that cities should be using the municipal courts as a grab bag to help their coffers, and black Missourians are disproportionately on the other end of that," said Nimrod Chapel, president of the Missouri chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). Last summer, Chapel was one of the primary agitators behind the NAACP's first ever statewide travel advisory, issued for Missouri. This extraordinary advisory warned black drivers that "they are traveling and living in Missouri at their own risk and subject to unnecessary search, seizure and potential arrest".