An assistant professor in the law department of the US military academy at West Point has argued that legal scholars critical of the war on terrorism represent a treasonous" fifth column that should be attacked as enemy combatants. In a lengthy academic paper, the professor, William C Bradford, proposes to threaten "Islamic holy sites" as part of a war against undifferentiated Islamic radicalism. That war ought to be prosecuted vigorously, he wrote, "even if it means great destruction, innumerable enemy casualties, and civilian collateral damage". Other "lawful targets" for the US military in its war on terrorism, Bradford argues, include "law school facilities, scholars' home offices and media outlets where they give interviews" - all civilian areas, but places where a "causal connection between the content disseminated and Islamist crimes incited" exist. He suggests in a footnote that "threatening Islamic holy sites might create deterrence, discredit Islamism, and falsify the assumption that decadence renders Western restraint inevitable". The US military's educational institutions have come under fire before for promoting "total war" against Islam. In 2012, General Martin Dempsey, chairman of the joint chiefs of staff, ordered a comprehensive scouring of anti-Islam training material after a course proposed "Hiroshima" tactics against Islamic holy sites, targeting the "civilian population wherever necessary".